Downloads

1. Bhatnagar P, Wickramasinghe K, Williams J et al. (2015) The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the UK 2014. Heart 101, 1182-1189. 2. Lewington S, Whitlock G, Clarke R et al. (2008) Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55000 vascular deaths (vol 370, pg 1829, 2007). Lancet 372. 3. Long SL, Gahan CG, Joyce SA (2017) Interactions between gut bacteria and bile in health and disease. Molecular aspects of medicine 56, 54-65. 4. Bauer E, Jakob S, Mosenthin R (2005) Principles of physiology of lipid digestion. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 18, 282-295. 5. Joyce SA, Gahan CG (2016) Bile acid modifications at the microbe-host interface: potential for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical interventions in host health. Annual review of food science and technology 7, 313-333. 6. Joyce SA, MacSharry J, Casey PG et al. (2014) Regulation of host weight gain and lipid metabolism by bacterial bile acid modification in the gut. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, 7421-7426. 7. Begley M, Hill C, Gahan CGM (2006) Bile salt hydrolase activity in probiotics. Applied and environmental microbiology 72, 1729-1738. 8. Chiang JY (2013) Bile acid metabolism and signaling. Comprehensive Physiology 3, 1191-1212. 9. Grover SA, Dorais M, Coupal L (2003) Improving the prediction of cardiovascular risk: interaction between LDL and HDL cholesterol. Epidemiology 14, 315-320. 10. Li T, Chiang JY (2014) Bile acid signaling in metabolic disease and drug therapy. Pharmacological reviews 66, 948-983. 11. Staels B, Fonseca VA (2009) Bile acids and metabolic regulation: mechanisms and clinical responses to bile acid sequestration. Diabetes care 32, S237-S245. 12. Ogundare M, Theofilopoulos S, Lockhart A et al. (2010) Cerebrospinal fluid steroidomics: are bioactive bile acids present in brain? Journal of Biological Chemistry 285, 4666-4679. 13. Zheng X, Chen T, Zhao A et al. (2016) The brain metabolome of male rats across the lifespan. Scientific reports 6, 24125. 14. Chiang JY (2009) Bile acids: regulation of synthesis. Journal of lipid research 50, 1955-1966. 15. Li T, Chiang JY (2012) Bile acid signaling in liver metabolism and diseases. Journal of lipids 2012. 16. Falany CN, Johnson MR, Barnes S et al. (1994) Glycine and taurine conjugation of bile acids by a single enzyme. Molecular cloning and expression of human liver bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 19375-19379. 17. Pircher PC, Kitto JL, Petrowski ML et al. (2003) Farnesoid X receptor regulates bile acid-amino acid conjugation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, 27703-27711. 18. Portincasa P, Di Ciaula A, Wang HH et al. (2008) Coordinate regulation of gallbladder motor function in the gut‐liver axis. Hepatology 47, 2112-2126. 19. Russell DW (2009) Fifty years of advances in bile acid synthesis and metabolism. Journal of lipid research 50, S120-S125. 20. Costarelli V, Sanders T (2001) Acute effects of dietary fat composition on postprandial plasma bile acid and cholecystokinin concentrations in healthy premenopausal women. British Journal of Nutrition 86, 471-477. 21. Sato R (2010) Sterol metabolism and SREBP activation. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 501, 177-181. 22. Janowski BA, Shan B, Russell DW (2001) The hypocholesterolemic agent LY295427 reverses suppression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein processing mediated by oxysterols. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 45408-45416. 23. Eberlé D, Hegarty B, Bossard P et al. (2004) SREBP transcription factors: master regulators of lipid homeostasis. Biochimie 86, 839-848. 24. Tontonoz P, Mangelsdorf DJ (2003) Liver X receptor signaling pathways in cardiovascular disease. Molecular endocrinology 17, 985-993. 25. Miyake JH, Doung X-DT, Strauss W et al. (2001) Increased production of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in the absence of hyperlipidemia in transgenic mice expressing cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 23304-23311. 26. Mertens KL, Kalsbeek A, Soeters MR et al. (2017) Bile acid signaling pathways from the enterohepatic circulation to the central nervous system. Frontiers in neuroscience 11, 617. 27. Staley C, Weingarden AR, Khoruts A et al. (2017) Interaction of gut microbiota with bile acid metabolism and its influence on disease states. Applied microbiology and biotechnology 101, 47-64. 28. Ridlon JM, Harris SC, Bhowmik S et al. (2016) Consequences of bile salt biotransformations by intestinal bacteria. Gut microbes 7, 22-39. 29. Lefebvre P, Cariou B, Lien F et al. (2009) Role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in metabolic regulation. Physiological reviews 89, 147-191. 30. Hanafi NI, Mohamed AS, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH et al. (2018) Overview of bile acids signaling and perspective on the signal of ursodeoxycholic acid, the most hydrophilic bile acid, in the heart. Biomolecules 8, 159. 31. Wahlström A, Sayin SI, Marschall H-U et al. (2016) Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Cell metabolism 24, 41-50. 32. Li T, Chiang JY (2015) Bile acids as metabolic regulators. Current opinion in gastroenterology 31, 159. 33. Hylemon PB, Zhou H, Pandak WM et al. (2009) Bile acids as regulatory molecules. Journal of lipid research 50, 1509-1520. 34. Cariou B, Staels B (2007) FXR: a promising target for the metabolic syndrome? Trends in pharmacological sciences 28, 236-243. 35. Chen X, Lou G, Meng Z et al. (2011) TGR5: a novel target for weight maintenance and glucose metabolism. Experimental diabetes research 2011. 36. Watanabe M, Houten SM, Mataki C et al. (2006) Bile acids induce energy expenditure by promoting intracellular thyroid hormone activation. Nature 439, 484. 37. Thomas C, Gioiello A, Noriega L et al. (2009) TGR5-mediated bile acid sensing controls glucose homeostasis. Cell metabolism 10, 167-177. 38. Devkota S, Wang Y, Musch MW et al. (2012) Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10−/− mice. Nature 487, 104. 39. Yoshimoto S, Loo TM, Atarashi K et al. (2013) Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome. Nature 499, 97. 40. Albaugh VL, Flynn CR, Cai S et al. (2015) Early increases in bile acids post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass are driven by insulin-sensitizing, secondary bile acids. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, E1225-E1233. 41. Basso N, Soricelli E, Castagneto-Gissey L et al. (2016) Insulin resistance, microbiota and fat distribution changes by a new model of vertical sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats. Diabetes, db160039. 42. Fouladi F, Mitchell JE, Wonderlich JA et al. (2016) The contributing role of bile acids to metabolic improvements after obesity and metabolic surgery. Obesity surgery 26, 2492-2502. 43. Murakami M, Une N, Nishizawa M et al. (2013) Incretin secretion stimulated by ursodeoxycholic acid in healthy subjects. Springerplus 2, 20. 44. Mahmoud AAA, Elshazly SM (2014) Ursodeoxycholic acid ameliorates fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. PLoS One 9, e106993. 45. Wu T, Bound MJ, Standfield SD et al. (2013) Effects of taurocholic acid on glycemic, glucagon-like peptide-1, and insulin responses to small intestinal glucose infusion in healthy humans. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 98, E718-E722. 46. Sayin SI, Wahlström A, Felin J et al. (2013) Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist. Cell metabolism 17, 225-235. 47. Joyce SA, Gahan CGM (2014) The gut microbiota and the metabolic health of the host. Current opinion in gastroenterology 30, 120-127. 48. Chen M-l, Yi L, Zhang Y et al. (2016) Resveratrol attenuates trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced atherosclerosis by regulating TMAO synthesis and bile acid metabolism via remodeling of the gut microbiota. MBio 7, e02210-02215. 49. Koutsos A, Tuohy K, Lovegrove J (2015) Apples and cardiovascular health—is the gut microbiota a core consideration? Nutrients 7, 3959-3998. 50. Arora T, Singh S, Sharma RK (2013) Probiotics: interaction with gut microbiome and antiobesity potential. Nutrition 29, 591-596. 51. Jones BV, Begley M, Hill C et al. (2008) Functional and comparative metagenomic analysis of bile salt hydrolase activity in the human gut microbiome. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences 105, 13580-13585. 52. Ikeda I, Imasato Y, Sasaki E et al. (1992) Tea catechins decrease micellar solubility and intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-lipids and lipid MetaboLism 1127, 141-146. 53. Ikeda I, Yamahira T, Kato M et al. (2010) Black-tea polyphenols decrease micellar solubility of cholesterol in vitro and intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 58, 8591-8595. 54. Watanabe M, Morimoto K, Houten SM et al. (2012) Bile acid binding resin improves metabolic control through the induction of energy expenditure. PloS one 7, e38286. 55. Matsuoka K, Kanai T (2015) The gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease. Seminars in immunopathology 37, 47-55. 56. Sokol H, Lay C, Seksik P et al. (2008) Analysis of bacterial bowel communities of IBD patients: what has it revealed? Inflammatory bowel diseases 14, 858-867. 57. Duboc H, Rajca S, Rainteau D et al. (2013) Connecting dysbiosis, bile-acid dysmetabolism and gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut 62, 531-539. 58. Zheng X, Huang F, Zhao A et al. (2017) Bile acid is a significant host factor shaping the gut microbiome of diet-induced obese mice. BMC biology 15, 1-15. 59. Sannasiddappa TH, Lund PA, Clarke SR (2017) In vitro antibacterial activity of unconjugated and conjugated bile salts on Staphylococcus aureus. Frontiers in microbiology 8, 1581. 60. Chen J, Thomsen M, Vitetta L (2019) Interaction of gut microbiota with dysregulation of bile acids in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and potential therapeutic implications of probiotics. Journal of cellular biochemistry 120, 2713-2720. 61. Carding S, Verbeke K, Vipond DT et al. (2015) Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease. Microbial ecology in health and disease 26, 26191. 62. Öner Ö, Aslim B, Aydaş SB (2014) Mechanisms of cholesterol-lowering effects of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains as potential probiotics with their bsh gene analysis. Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology 24, 12-18. 63. Costabile A, Buttarazzi I, Kolida S et al. (2017) An in vivo assessment of the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum ECGC 13110402 in normal to mildly hypercholesterolaemic adults. PLoS One 12. 64. Costabile A, Klinder A, Fava F et al. (2008) Whole-grain wheat breakfast cereal has a prebiotic effect on the human gut microbiota: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. British journal of nutrition 99, 110-120. 65. Wa Y, Yin B, Gu R et al. (2019) Effects of single probiotic-and combined probiotic-fermented milk on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats. Frontiers in microbiology 10, 1312. 66. Ma C, Zhang S, Lu J et al. (2019) Screening for Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics from Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Corn Silage Based on Three Hypothesized Pathways. International journal of molecular sciences 20, 2073. 67. Huang F, Zhang F, Xu D et al. (2018) Enterococcus faecium WEFA23 from infants lessens high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia via cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase gene by altering the composition of gut microbiota in rats. Journal of dairy science 101, 7757-7767. 68. Guo L, Li T, Tang Y et al. (2016) Probiotic properties of E nterococcus strains isolated from traditional naturally fermented cream in C hina. Microbial biotechnology 9, 737-745. 69. Wang DQ-H, Wang HH, Portincasa P (2019) Update on the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of cholecystokinin and cholecystokinin-1 receptor on the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Current medicinal chemistry. 70. Pato U, Surono IS, Hosono A (2004) Hypocholesterolemic effect of indigenous dadih lactic acid bacteria by deconjugation of bile salts. Asian-australasian journal of animal sciences 17, 1741-1745. 71. Jeun J, Kim S, Cho S-Y et al. (2010) Hypocholesterolemic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3928 by increased bile acid excretion in C57BL/6 mice. Nutrition 26, 321-330. 72. Guo Z, Liu X, Zhang Q et al. (2011) Influence of consumption of probiotics on the plasma lipid profile: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 21, 844-850. 73. Jones ML, Martoni CJ, Parent M et al. (2012) Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a microencapsulated bile salt hydrolase-active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242 yoghurt formulation in hypercholesterolaemic adults. British Journal of Nutrition 107, 1505-1513. 74. Martoni CJ, Labbé A, Ganopolsky JG et al. (2015) Changes in bile acids, FGF-19 and sterol absorption in response to bile salt hydrolase active L. reuteri NCIMB 30242. Gut microbes 6, 57-65. 75. Zhai Q, Liu Y, Wang C et al. (2019) Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661 modulates bile acid enterohepatic circulation and increases lead excretion in mice. Food & function 10, 1455-1464. 76. Michael D, Davies T, Moss J et al. (2017) The anti-cholesterolaemic effect of a consortium of probiotics: An acute study in C57BL/6J mice. Scientific reports 7, 1-10. 77. Damodharan K, Lee YS, Palaniyandi SA et al. (2015) Preliminary probiotic and technological characterization of Pediococcus pentosaceus strain KID7 and in vivo assessment of its cholesterol-lowering activity. Frontiers in microbiology 6, 768. 78. Degirolamo C, Rainaldi S, Bovenga F et al. (2014) Microbiota modification with probiotics induces hepatic bile acid synthesis via downregulation of the Fxr-Fgf15 axis in mice. Cell reports 7, 12-18. 79. Stadlbauer V, Leber B, Lemesch S et al. (2015) Lactobacillus casei Shirota supplementation does not restore gut microbiota composition and gut barrier in metabolic syndrome: a randomized pilot study. PloS one 10. 80. Oshiro T, Nagata S, Wang C et al. (2019) Bifidobacterium Supplementation of Colostrum and Breast Milk Enhances Weight Gain and Metabolic Responses Associated with Microbiota Establishment in Very-Preterm Infants. Biomedicine Hub 4, 1-10. 81. Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME et al. (2017) Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology 14, 491. 82. Figueroa‐González I, Quijano G, Ramírez G et al. (2011) Probiotics and prebiotics—perspectives and challenges. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91, 1341-1348. 83. Swanson K, de Vos W, Martens E et al. (2020) Effect of fructans, prebiotics and fibres on the human gut microbiome assessed by 16S rRNA-based approaches: a review. Beneficial microbes 11, 101-129. 84. Wang Y, Harding SV, Thandapilly SJ et al. (2017) Barley β-glucan reduces blood cholesterol levels via interrupting bile acid metabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 118, 822-829. 85. Nicolucci AC, Hume MP, Martínez I et al. (2017) Prebiotics reduce body fat and alter intestinal microbiota in children who are overweight or with obesity. Gastroenterology 153, 711-722. 86. Cronin BE, Allsopp PJ, Slevin MM et al. (2016) Effects of supplementation with a calcium-rich marine-derived multi-mineral supplement and short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides on serum lipids in postmenopausal women. British Journal of Nutrition 115, 658-665. 87. Meneses ME, Martínez-Carrera D, Torres N et al. (2016) Hypocholesterolemic properties and prebiotic effects of Mexican Ganoderma lucidum in C57BL/6 mice. PloS one 11. 88. Santas J, Espadaler J, Mancebo R et al. (2012) Selective in vivo effect of chitosan on fatty acid, neutral sterol and bile acid excretion: a longitudinal study. Food chemistry 134, 940-947. 89. Mandimika T, Paturi G, De Guzman CE et al. (2012) Effects of dietary broccoli fibre and corn oil on serum lipids, faecal bile acid excretion and hepatic gene expression in rats. Food chemistry 131, 1272-1278. 90. Gunness P, Michiels J, Vanhaecke L et al. (2016) Reduction in circulating bile acid and restricted diffusion across the intestinal epithelium are associated with a decrease in blood cholesterol in the presence of oat β-glucan. The FASEB Journal 30, 4227-4238. 91. Ellegård L, Andersson H (2007) Oat bran rapidly increases bile acid excretion and bile acid synthesis: an ileostomy study. European journal of clinical nutrition 61, 938-945. 92. Drzikova B, Dongowski G, Gebhardt E (2005) Dietary fibre-rich oat-based products affect serum lipids, microbiota, formation of short-chain fatty acids and steroids in rats. British journal of nutrition 94, 1012-1025. 93. Chen H-L, Cheng H-C, Wu W-T et al. (2008) Supplementation of konjac glucomannan into a low-fiber Chinese diet promoted bowel movement and improved colonic ecology in constipated adults: a placebo-controlled, diet-controlled trial. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 27, 102-108. 94. Hijová E, Bomba A, Bertková I et al. (2012) Prebiotics and bioactive natural substances induce changes of composition and metabolic activities of the colonic microflora in cancerous rats. Acta Biochimica Polonica 59. 95. Lærke HN, Pedersen C, Mortensen MA et al. (2008) Rye bread reduces plasma cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolaemic pigs when compared to wheat at similar dietary fibre level. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 88, 1385-1393. 96. Sobko T, Reinders C, Jansson E et al. (2005) Gastrointestinal bacteria generate nitric oxide from nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide 13, 272-278. 97. Catry E, Bindels LB, Tailleux A et al. (2018) Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction. Gut 67, 271-283. 98. Hervert-Hernández D, Goñi I (2011) Dietary polyphenols and human gut microbiota: a review. Food Reviews International 27, 154-169. 99. Holt RR, Heiss C, Kelm M et al. (2012) The potential of flavanol and procyanidin intake to influence age-related vascular disease. Journal of nutrition in gerontology and geriatrics 31, 290-323. 100. Zhang L, Wang Y, Li D et al. (2016) The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of procyanidins. Food & function 7, 1273-1281. 101. Koutsos A, Lima M, Conterno L et al. (2017) Effects of commercial apple varieties on human gut microbiota composition and metabolic output using an in vitro colonic model. Nutrients 9, 533. 102. Sembries S, Dongowski G, Mehrländer K et al. (2006) Physiological effects of extraction juices from apple, grape, and red beet pomaces in rats. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 54, 10269-10280. 103. Queipo-Ortuño MI, Boto-Ordóñez M, Murri M et al. (2012) Influence of red wine polyphenols and ethanol on the gut microbiota ecology and biochemical biomarkers. The American journal of clinical nutrition 95, 1323-1334. 104. Wallace AJ, Eady SL, Hunter DC et al. (2015) No difference in fecal levels of bacteria or short chain fatty acids in humans, when consuming fruit juice beverages containing fruit fiber, fruit polyphenols, and their combination. Nutrition Research 35, 23-34. 105. Scalbert A, Williamson G (2000) Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols. The Journal of nutrition 130, 2073S-2085S. 106. Kemperman RA, Bolca S, Roger LC et al. (2010) Novel approaches for analysing gut microbes and dietary polyphenols: challenges and opportunities. Microbiology 156, 3224-3231. 107. M Patti A, P Toth P, V Giglio R et al. (2017) Nutraceuticals as an important part of combination therapy in dyslipidaemia. Current pharmaceutical design 23, 2496-2503. 108. Naumann S, Haller D, Eisner P et al. (2020) Mechanisms of Interactions between Bile Acids and Plant Compounds—A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, 6495. 109. Huang J, Feng S, Liu A et al. (2018) Green tea polyphenol EGCG alleviates metabolic abnormality and fatty liver by decreasing bile acid and lipid absorption in mice. Molecular nutrition & food research 62, 1700696. 110. Ogawa K, Hirose S, Nagaoka S et al. (2016) Interaction between tea polyphenols and bile acid inhibits micellar cholesterol solubility. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 64, 204-209. 111. Adisakwattana S, Moonrat J, Srichairat S et al. (2010) Lipid-Lowering mechanisms of grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera L) and its antihyperlidemic activity. Journal of medicinal plants research 4, 2113-2120. 112. Ngamukote S, Mäkynen K, Thilawech T et al. (2011) Cholesterol-lowering activity of the major polyphenols in grape seed. Molecules 16, 5054-5061. 113. Koutsos A, Riccadonna S, Ulaszewska MM et al. (2020) Two apples a day lower serum cholesterol and improve cardiometabolic biomarkers in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition 111, 307-318. 114. Fujita H, Yamagami T (2008) Antihypercholesterolemic effect of Chinese black tea extract in human subjects with borderline hypercholesterolemia. Nutrition research 28, 450-456. 115. Velasquez M, Ramezani A, Manal A et al. (2016) Trimethylamine N-oxide: the good, the bad and the unknown. Toxins 8, 326. 116. Senthong V, Li XS, Hudec T et al. (2016) Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide, a gut microbe–generated phosphatidylcholine metabolite, is associated with atherosclerotic burden. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 67, 2620-2628. 117. Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS et al. (2013) Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis. Nature medicine 19, 576. 118. Aprikian O, Busserolles Jrm, Manach C et al. (2002) Lyophilized apple counteracts the development of hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, and renal dysfunction in obese Zucker rats. The Journal of nutrition 132, 1969-1976. 119. Ravn-Haren G, Krath BN, Markowski J et al. (2018) Apple pomace improves gut health in Fisher rats independent of seed content. Food & function 9, 2931-2941. 120. Chavez-Santoscoy RA, Gutierrez-Uribe JA, Granados O et al. (2014) Flavonoids and saponins extracted from black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed coats modulate lipid metabolism and biliary cholesterol secretion in C57BL/6 mice. British journal of nutrition 112, 886-899. 121. Mathew B, Yoseph B, Dessale T et al. (2012) Hypolipidaemic effect of leucodelphinidin derivative from Ficus bengalensis Linn on cholesterol fed rats. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences __________________________________________________________ ISSN 2231, 606X. 122. Feng D, Sun J-g, Sun R-b et al. (2015) Isoflavones and phytosterols contained in Xuezhikang capsules modulate cholesterol homeostasis in high-fat diet mice. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 36, 1462-1472. 123. Lee Y-N, Hsu G-SW, Lin W-T et al. (2016) Hypolipidemic and Antioxidative effects of Glossogyne tenuifolia in hamsters fed an Atherogenic diet. Journal of medicinal food 19, 513-517. 124. Gong J, Peng C, Chen T et al. (2010) Effects of theabrownin from Pu‐erh tea on the metabolism of serum lipids in rats: mechanism of action. Journal of food science 75, H182-H189. 125. Miura D, Miura Y, Yagasaki K (2003) Hypolipidemic action of dietary resveratrol, a phytoalexin in grapes and red wine, in hepatoma-bearing rats. Life sciences 73, 1393-1400. 126. Wang D, Xia M, Gao S et al. (2012) Cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐glucoside upregulates hepatic cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase expression and reduces hypercholesterolemia in mice. Molecular nutrition & food research 56, 610-621. 127. Ushiroda C, Naito Y, Takagi T et al. (2019) Green tea polyphenol (epigallocatechin-3-gallate) improves gut dysbiosis and serum bile acids dysregulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 18-116. 128. Hoang M-H, Jia Y, Mok B et al. (2015) Kaempferol ameliorates symptoms of metabolic syndrome by regulating activities of liver X receptor-β. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 26, 868-875. 129. Zhang M, Xie Z, Gao W et al. (2016) Quercetin regulates hepatic cholesterol metabolism by promoting cholesterol-to-bile acid conversion and cholesterol efflux in rats. Nutrition research 36, 271-279. 130. Daniel RS, Devi K, Augusti K et al. (2003) Mechanism of action of antiatherogenic and related effects of Ficus bengalensis Linn. flavonoids in experimental animals. 131. Guo J, Han X, Tan H et al. (2019) Blueberry extract improves obesity through regulation of the gut microbiota and bile acids via pathways involving FXR and TGR5. Iscience 19, 676-690. 132. Anhê FF, Nachbar RT, Varin TV et al. (2019) Treatment with camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) prevents obesity by altering the gut microbiota and increasing energy expenditure in diet-induced obese mice. Gut 68, 453-464. 133. Spiller GA, Story JA, Lodics TA et al. (2003) Effect of sun-dried raisins on bile acid excretion, intestinal transit time, and fecal weight: a dose–response study. Journal of medicinal food 6, 87-91. 134. Williamson G, Carughi A (2010) Polyphenol content and health benefits of raisins. Nutrition Research 30, 511-519. 135. Mai V, Katki HA, Harmsen H et al. (2004) Effects of a controlled diet and black tea drinking on the fecal microflora composition and the fecal bile acid profile of human volunteers in a double-blinded randomized feeding study. The Journal of nutrition 134, 473-478. 136. Inagaki T, Choi M, Moschetta A et al. (2005) Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis. Cell metabolism 2, 217-225. 137. Chen J, Huang X-F (2009) The effects of diets enriched in beta-glucans on blood lipoprotein concentrations. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 3, 154-158. 138. Theuwissen E, Mensink RP (2007) Simultaneous intake of β-glucan and plant stanol esters affects lipid metabolism in slightly hypercholesterolemic subjects. The Journal of nutrition 137, 583-588. 139. Hirsova P, Karlasova G, Dolezelova E et al. (2013) Cholestatic effect of epigallocatechin gallate in rats is mediated via decreased expression of Mrp2. Toxicology 303, 9-15. 140. Watanabe M, Ayugase J (2010) Effects of buckwheat sprouts on plasma and hepatic parameters in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Journal of food science 75, H294-H299. 141. Jiao R, Zhang Z, Yu H et al. (2010) Hypocholesterolemic activity of grape seed proanthocyanidin is mediated by enhancement of bile acid excretion and up-regulation of CYP7A1. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 21, 1134-1139. 142. Heidker RM, Caiozzi GC, Ricketts ML (2016) Dietary procyanidins selectively modulate intestinal farnesoid X receptor‐regulated gene expression to alter enterohepatic bile acid recirculation: elucidation of a novel mechanism to reduce triglyceridemia. Molecular nutrition & food research 60, 727-736. 143. Downing LE, Heidker RM, Caiozzi GC et al. (2015) A grape seed procyanidin extract ameliorates fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia in rats via enhanced fecal bile acid and cholesterol excretion and inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis. PloS one 10, e0140267. 144. Quifer‐Rada P, Choy YY, Calvert CC et al. (2016) Use of metabolomics and lipidomics to evaluate the hypocholestreolemic effect of Proanthocyanidins from grape seed in a pig model. Molecular nutrition & food research 60, 2219-2227. 145. Wang G, Huang W, Xia Y et al. (2019) Cholesterol-lowering potentials of Lactobacillus strain overexpression of bile salt hydrolase on high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice. Food & function 10, 1684-1695. 146. Hara H, Haga S, Aoyama Y et al. (1999) Short-chain fatty acids suppress cholesterol synthesis in rat liver and intestine. The Journal of nutrition 129, 942-948. 147. Mueller NT, Zhang M, Juraschek SP et al. (2020) Effects of high-fiber diets enriched with carbohydrate, protein, or unsaturated fat on circulating short chain fatty acids: results from the OmniHeart randomized trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, 545-554. 148. Fushimi T, Suruga K, Oshima Y et al. (2006) Dietary acetic acid reduces serum cholesterol and triacylglycerols in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. British Journal of Nutrition 95, 916-924. 149. Wright RS, Anderson JW, Bridges SR (1990) Propionate inhibits hepatocyte lipid synthesis. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 195, 26-29. 150. Wong JM, De Souza R, Kendall CW et al. (2006) Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 40, 235-243. 151. Zampa A, Silvi S, Fabiani R et al. (2004) Effects of different digestible carbohydrates on bile acid metabolism and SCFA production by human gut micro-flora grown in an in vitro semi-continuous culture. Anaerobe 10, 19-26. 152. LeBlanc JG, Chain F, Martín R et al. (2017) Beneficial effects on host energy metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins produced by commensal and probiotic bacteria. Microbial cell factories 16, 79. 153. Geirnaert A, Calatayud M, Grootaert C et al. (2017) Butyrate-producing bacteria supplemented in vitro to Crohn’s disease patient microbiota increased butyrate production and enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Scientific reports 7, 1-14. 154. Reichardt N, Vollmer M, Holtrop G et al. (2018) Specific substrate-driven changes in human faecal microbiota composition contrast with functional redundancy in short-chain fatty acid production. The ISME journal 12, 610-622. 155. Zhao Y, Liu J, Hao W et al. (2017) Structure-specific effects of short-chain fatty acids on plasma cholesterol concentration in male syrian hamsters. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 65, 10984-10992. 156. Parnell JA, Reimer RA (2010) Effect of prebiotic fibre supplementation on hepatic gene expression and serum lipids: a dose–response study in JCR: LA-cp rats. British Journal of Nutrition 103, 1577-1584. 157. Heuman D, Hylemon P, Vlahcevic Z (1989) Regulation of bile acid synthesis. III. Correlation between biliary bile salt hydrophobicity index and the activities of enzymes regulating cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in the rat. Journal of lipid research 30, 1161-1171. 158. Maruyama T, Miyamoto Y, Nakamura T et al. (2002) Identification of membrane-type receptor for bile acids (M-BAR). Biochemical and biophysical research communications 298, 714-719. 159. Chen J, Raymond K (2006) Nuclear receptors, bile-acid detoxification, and cholestasis. The Lancet 367, 454-456. 160. Makishima M, Lu TT, Xie W et al. (2002) Vitamin D receptor as an intestinal bile acid sensor. Science 296, 1313-1316. 161. Owen BM, Milona A, van Mil S et al. (2010) Intestinal detoxification limits the activation of hepatic pregnane X receptor by lithocholic acid. Drug metabolism and disposition 38, 143-149. 162. Sato H, Macchiarulo A, Thomas C et al. (2008) Novel potent and selective bile acid derivatives as TGR5 agonists: biological screening, structure− activity relationships, and molecular modeling studies. Journal of medicinal chemistry 51, 1831-1841. 163. Song C, Hiipakka RA, Liao S (2000) Selective activation of liver X receptor alpha by 6α-hydroxy bile acids and analogs. Steroids 65, 423-427. 164. Hong J, Behar J, Wands J et al. (2010) Role of a novel bile acid receptor TGR5 in the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Gut 59, 170-180. 165. Han J, Liu Y, Wang R et al. (2015) Metabolic profiling of bile acids in human and mouse blood by LC–MS/MS in combination with phospholipid-depletion solid-phase extraction. Analytical chemistry 87, 1127-1136. 166. Ginos BN, Navarro SL, Schwarz Y et al. (2018) Circulating bile acids in healthy adults respond differently to a dietary pattern characterized by whole grains, legumes and fruits and vegetables compared to a diet high in refined grains and added sugars: a randomized, controlled, crossover feeding study. Metabolism 83, 197-204. 167. Wu W-T, Cheng H-C, Chen H-L (2011) Ameliorative effects of konjac glucomannan on human faecal β-glucuronidase activity, secondary bile acid levels and faecal water toxicity towards Caco-2 cells. British journal of nutrition 105, 593-600. 168. Chaplin M, Chaudhury S, Dettmar P et al. (2000) Effect of ispaghula husk on the faecal output of bile acids in healthy volunteers. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology 72, 283-292. 169. Martín-Peláez S, Mosele JI, Pizarro N et al. (2017) Effect of virgin olive oil and thyme phenolic compounds on blood lipid profile: implications of human gut microbiota. European journal of nutrition 56, 119-131. 170. Zhou J, Tang L, Shen C-L et al. (2018) Green tea polyphenols modify gut-microbiota dependent metabolisms of energy, bile constituents and micronutrients in female Sprague–Dawley rats. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 61, 68-81. 171. Xie M, Chen G, Wan P et al. (2018) Effects of Dicaffeoylquinic Acids from Ilex kudingcha on Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 67, 171-183. 172. del Bas JM, Crescenti A, Arola-Arnal A et al. (2015) Intake of grape procyanidins during gestation and lactation impairs reverse cholesterol transport and increases atherogenic risk indexes in adult offspring. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 26, 1670-1677. 173. Sheng L, Jena PK, Liu H-X et al. (2018) Obesity treatment by epigallocatechin-3-gallate–regulated bile acid signaling and its enriched Akkermansia muciniphila. The FASEB Journal 32, 6371-6384. 174. Salazar N, Neyrinck AM, Bindels LB et al. (2019) Functional effects of EPS-producing Bifidobacterium administration on energy metabolic alterations of diet-induced obese mice. Frontiers in microbiology 10, 1809. 175. Natividad JM, Lamas B, Pham HP et al. (2018) Bilophila wadsworthia aggravates high fat diet induced metabolic dysfunctions in mice. Nature communications 9, 1-15. 176. Kuo S-M, Merhige PM, Hagey LR (2013) The effect of dietary prebiotics and probiotics on body weight, large intestine indices, and fecal bile acid profile in wild type and IL10−/− mice. PloS one 8. 177. Liu Y, Chen K, Li F et al. (2019) Probiotic LGG prevents liver fibrosis through inhibiting hepatic bile acid synthesis and enhancing bile acid excretion in mice. Hepatology. 178. de Almeida Jackix E, Monteiro EB, Raposo HF et al. (2013) Taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) leaves: nutrient composition and physiological effects on healthy rats. Journal of food science 78, H1929-H1934. 179. Dongowski G, Jacobasch G, Schmiedl D (2005) Structural stability and prebiotic properties of resistant starch type 3 increase bile acid turnover and lower secondary bile acid formation. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 53, 9257-9267. 180. Villanueva-Suárez M-J, Pérez-Cózar M-L, Mateos-Aparicio I et al. (2016) Potential fat-lowering and prebiotic effects of enzymatically treated okara in high-cholesterol-fed Wistar rats. International journal of food sciences and nutrition 67, 828-833. 181. Gunness P, Williams BA, Gerrits WJ et al. (2016) Circulating triglycerides and bile acids are reduced by a soluble wheat arabinoxylan via modulation of bile concentration and lipid digestion rates in a pig model. Molecular nutrition & food research 60, 642-651.