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The effect of dietary nitrate on salivary, plasma, and urinary nitrate metabolism in humans

Pannala, A.S., Mani, A.R.., Spencer, J.P., Skinner, V., Bruckdorfer, K.R., Moore, K.P. and Rice-Evans, C.A. (2003) The effect of dietary nitrate on salivary, plasma, and urinary nitrate metabolism in humans. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 34 (5). pp. 576-584. ISSN 0891-5849

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To link to this item DOI: 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01353-9

Abstract/Summary

Dietary nitrate is metabolized to nitrite by bacterial flora on the posterior surface of the tongue leading to increased salivary nitrite concentrations. In the acidic environment of the stomach, nitrite forms nitrous acid, a potent nitrating/nitrosating agent. The aim of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of dietary nitrate in relation to the formation of salivary, plasma, and urinary nitrite and nitrate in healthy subjects. A secondary aim was to determine whether dietary nitrate increases the formation of protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine in plasma, and if dietary nitrate improves platelet function. The pharmacokinetic profile of urinary nitrate excretion indicates total clearance of consumed nitrate in a 24 h period. While urinary, salivary, and plasma nitrate concentrations increased between 4- and 7-fold, a significant increase in nitrite was only detected in saliva (7-fold). High dietary nitrate consumption does not cause a significant acute change in plasma concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine or in platelet function.

Item Type:Article
Refereed:Yes
Divisions:Life Sciences > School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy > Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences > Human Nutrition Research Group
ID Code:18618
Uncontrolled Keywords:Adult Blood Platelets/metabolism Blood Proteins/metabolism Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid *Diet Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Male Metabolic Clearance Rate Middle Aged Nitrates/*pharmacokinetics Nitrites/metabolism Platelet Aggregation Saliva/*metabolism Tyrosine/*analogs & derivatives/*blood
Additional Information:Pannala, Ananth S Mani, Ali R Spencer, Jeremy P E Skinner, Vernon Bruckdorfer, K Richard Moore, Kevin P Rice-Evans, Catherine A Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States Free radical biology & medicine Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Mar 1;34(5):576-84.
Publisher:Elsevier

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