Determinants of farmers’ intention to invest in integrated on-farm energy production in four European countries

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Clark, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6712-1569, Jones, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-5424, Tranter, R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-6505, Cameron, L., Edwards, S., Gadanakis, Y. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7441-970X, Josefsson, M., Lukac, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8535-6334, Mauchline, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-8552, Lindhardt, K., Radzikowski, P., Vandendriessche, S. and Park, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3430-9052 (2026) Determinants of farmers’ intention to invest in integrated on-farm energy production in four European countries. Energy Reports, 16. 109663. ISSN 2352-4847 doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109663

Abstract/Summary

This paper explores farmers’ interest in on-farm renewable energy generation across Belgium, Denmark, Iceland and Poland. We focus on adoption patterns, drivers, barriers and training needs. Drawing on a literature review and a cross-country farmer survey, the study examined existing energy generation practices, availability of surplus feedstocks and intentions to invest in new renewable energy enterprises. While 54% of respondents had some form of energy generation, predominantly solar panels on buildings, only a few used more complex systems such as biogas or biomass. Logistic regression analysis identified two statistically significant predictors of near-term investment interest: presence of a farm successor and establishment costs. Farmers favoured low-barrier technologies, and financial returns and business sustainability were key motivations. High capital costs of installation and concerns over long-term land use change were major deterrents. As a result, it is unsurprising that farmers saw the need for financial incentives, such as grants and low-interest loans. In-person workshops were preferred for training. The findings suggest that, rather than viewing adoption as a single event, policy makers and advisory services should encourage continuous expansion and diversification, focusing on reducing investment barriers and making energy generation density a policy metric.

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Item Type Article
URI https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/id/eprint/131443
Identification Number/DOI 10.1016/j.egyr.2026.109663
Refereed Yes
Divisions Life Sciences > School of Agriculture, Policy and Development > Department of Sustainable Land Management > Centre for Agri-environmental Research (CAER)
Uncontrolled Keywords Farmers; Renewable energy generation; Barriers to investment; Incentives and training
Publisher Elsevier
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