Article

Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Voldoire, A., Palmer, M. D., Geoffroy, O. and Killick, R. E. (2023) Historical ocean heat uptake in two pairs of CMIP6 models: global and regional perspectives. Journal of Climate, 36 (7). pp. 2183-2203. ISSN 1520-0442 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0468.1

Mulcahy, J. P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-7380, Jones, C. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-8127, Rumbold, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-4541, Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Dittus, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-6869, Blockley, E. W. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-4238, Yool, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9879-2776, Walton, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7372-178X, Hardacre, C., Andrews, T., Bodas-Salcedo, A., Stringer, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4061-5299, de Mora, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-3149, Harris, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4834-7746, Hill, R., Kelley, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1413-4969, Robertson, E. and Tang, Y. (2023) UKESM1.1: development and evaluation of an updated configuration of the UK Earth System Model. Geoscientific Model Development, 16 (6). pp. 1569-1600. ISSN 1991-9603 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1569-2023

Yool, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9879-2776, Palmiéri, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0226-5243, Jones, C. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-8127, de Mora, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-3149, Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Popova, E. E., Nurser, A. J. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-9258, Hirschi, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1481-3697, Blaker, A. T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-0131, Coward, A. C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9111-7700, Blockley, E. W. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-4238 and Sellar, A. A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2955-7254 (2021) Evaluating the physical and biogeochemical state of the global ocean component of UKESM1 in CMIP6 historical simulations. Geoscientific Model Development, 14 (6). pp. 3437-3472. ISSN 1991-9603 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3437-2021

Hochet, A., Tailleux, R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-9107, Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729 and Ferreira, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-9774 (2021) Global heat balance and heat uptake in potential temperature coordinates. Climate Dynamics. ISSN 0930-7575 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05832-7

Robson, J., Aksenov, Y., Bracegirdle, T. J., Dimdore-Miles, O., Griffiths, P. T., Grosvenor, D. P., Hodson, D. L.R., Keeble, J., MacIntosh, C., Megann, A., Osprey, S., Povey, A. C., Schröder, D., Yang, M., Archibald, A. T., Carslaw, K. S., Gray, L., Jones, C., Kerridge, B., Knappett, D., Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Russo, M., Sellar, A., Siddans, R., Sinha, B., Sutton, R., Walton, J. and Wilcox, L. J. (2020) The evaluation of the North Atlantic climate system in UKESM1 historical simulations for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12 (9). e2020MS002126. ISSN 1942-2466 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002126

de Mora, L., Sellar, A. A., Yool, A., Palmieri, J., Smith, R. S., Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Parker, R. J., Walton, J., Blackford, J. C. and Jones, C. G. (2020) Earth system music: music generated from the United Kingdom Earth System Model (UKESM1). Geoscience Communications, 3. pp. 263-278. ISSN 2569-7110 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-263-2020

de Mora, L., Sellar, A. A., Yool, A., Palmieri, J., Smith, R. S., Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Parker, R. J., Walton, J., Blackford, J. C. and Jones, C. G. (2020) Earth system music: the methodology and reach of music generated from the United Kingdom earth system model. Geoscience Communications, 3. pp. 263-278. ISSN 2569-7110 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-263-2020

Yool, A., Palmiéri, J., Jones, C. G., Sellar, A. A., de Mora, L., Kuhlbrodt, T., Popova, E. E., Mulcahy, J. P., Wiltshire, A., Rumbold, S. T., Stringer, M., Hill, R. S. R., Tang, Y., Walton, J., Blaker, A., Nurser, A. J. G., Coward, A. C., Hirschi, J., Woodward, S., Kelley, D. I., Ellis, R. and Rumbold‐Jones, S. (2020) Spin‐up of UK Earth system model 1 (UKESM1) for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12 (8). e2019MS001933. ISSN 1942-2466 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001933

Andrews, M. B., Ridley, J. K., Wood, R. A., Andrews, T., Blockley, E. W., Booth, B., Burke, E., Dittus, A. J., Florek, P., Gray, L. J., Haddad, S., Hardiman, S. C., Hermanson, L., Hodson, D., Hogan, E., Jones, G. S., Knight, J. R., Kuhlbrodt, T., Misios, S., Mizielinski, M. S., Ringer, M. A., Robson, J. and Sutton, R. T. (2020) Historical simulations with HadGEM3-GC3.1 for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12 (6). e2019MS001995. ISSN 1942-2466 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001995

Sellar, A. A., Walton, J., Jones, C. G., Wood, R., Abraham, N. L., Andrejczuk, M., Andrews, M. B., Andrews, T., Archibald, A. T., de Mora, L., Dyson, H., Elkington, M., Ellis, R., Florek, P., Good, P., Gohar, L., Haddad, S., Hardiman, S. C., Hogan, E., Iwi, A., Jones, C. D., Johnson, B., Kelley, D. I., Kettleborough, J., Knight, J. R., Köhler, M. O., Kuhlbrodt, T., Liddicoat, S., Linova‐Pavlova, I., Mizielinski, M. S., Morgenstern, O., Mulcahy, J., Neininger, E., O'Connor, F. M., Petrie, R., Ridley, J., Rioual, J.‐C., Roberts, M., Robertson, E., Rumbold, S., Seddon, J., Shepherd, H., Shim, S., Stephens, A., Teixiera, J. C., Tang, Y., Williams, J., Wiltshire, A. and Griffiths, P. T. (2020) Implementation of U.K. Earth system models for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12 (4). e2019MS001946. ISSN 1942-2466 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001946

Andrews, T., Andrews, M. B., Bodas‐Salcedo, A., Jones, G. S., Kuhlbrodt, T., Manners, J., Menary, M. B., Ridley, J., Ringer, M. A., Sellar, A. A., Senior, C. A. and Tang, Y. (2020) Forcings, feedbacks and climate sensitivity in HadGEM3‐GC3.1 and UKESM1. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11 (12). pp. 4377-4394. ISSN 1942-2466 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001866

Hewitt, H. T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7432-6001, Roberts, M., Mathiot, P., Biastoch, A., Blockley, E., Chassignet, E. P., Fox-Kemper, B., Hyder, P., Marshall, D. P., Popova, E., Treguier, A.-M., Zanna, L., Yool, A., Yu, Y., Beadling, R., Bell, M., Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Arsouze, T., Bellucci, A., Castruccio, F., Gan, B., Putrasahan, D., Roberts, C. D., Van Roekel, L. and Zhang, Q. (2020) Resolving and parameterising the ocean mesoscale in earth system models. Current Climate Change Reports, 6. pp. 137-152. ISSN 2198-6061 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-020-00164-w

Roberts, M. J., Baker, A., Blockley, E. W., Calvert, D., Coward, A., Hewitt, H. T., Jackson, L. C., Kuhlbrodt, T., Mathiot, P., Roberts, C. D., Schiemann, R., Seddon, J., Vanniere, B. and Vidale, P. L. (2019) Description of the resolution hierarchy of the global coupled HadGEM3-GC3.1 model as used in CMIP6 HighResMIP experiments. Geoscientific Model Development, 12 (12). pp. 4999-5028. ISSN 1991-9603 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4999-2019

Hochet, A., Tailleux, R., Ferreira, D., Kuhlbrodt, T. and Tailleux, R. (2019) Isoneutral control of effective diapycnal mixing in numerical ocean models with neutral rotated diffusion tensors. Ocean Science, 15. pp. 21-23. ISSN 1812-0784 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-21-2019

Sellar, A. A., Jones, C. G., Mulcahy, J., Tang, Y., Yool, A., Wiltshire, A., O'Connor, F. M., Stringer, M., Hill, R., Palmieri, J., Woodward, S., De Mora, L., Kuhlbrodt, T., Rumbold, S., Kelley, D. I., Ellis, R., Johnson, C. E., Walton, J., Abraham, N. L., Andrews, M. B., Andrews, T., Archibald, A. T., Berthou, S., Burke, E., Blockley, E., Carslaw, K., Dalvi, M., Edwards, J., Folberth, G. A., Gedney, N., Griffiths, P. T., Harper, A. B., Hendry, M. A., Hewitt, A. J., Johnson, B., Jones, A., Jones, C. D., Keeble, J., Liddicoat, S., Morgenstern, O., Parker, R. J., Predoi, V., Robertson, E., Siahaan, A., Smith, R. S., Swaminathan, R., Woodhouse, M. T., Zeng, G. and Zerroukat, M. (2019) UKESM1: description and evaluation of the UK Earth System Model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11 (12). pp. 4513-4558. ISSN 1942-2466 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001739

Menary, M. B., Kuhlbrodt, T., Ridley, J., Andrews, M. B., Dimdore-Miles, O. B., Deshayes, J., Eade, R., Gray, L., Ineson, S., Mignot, J., Roberts, C. D., Robson, J., Wood, R. A. and Xavier, P. (2018) Preindustrial control simulations with HadGEM3-GC3.1 for CMIP6. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 10 (12). pp. 3049-3075. ISSN 1942-2466 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001495

Kuhlbrodt, T., Jones, C. G., Sellar, A., Storkey, D., Blockley, E., Stringer, M., Hill, R., Graham, T., Ridley, J., Blaker, A., Calvert, D., Copsey, D., Ellis, R., Hewitt, H., Hyder, P., Ineson, S., Mulcahy, J., Siahaan, A. and Walton, J. (2018) The low-resolution version of HadGEM3 GC3.1: development and evaluation for global climate. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 10 (11). pp. 2865-2888. ISSN 1942-2466 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001370

de Mora, L., Yool, A., Palmieri, J., Sellar, A., Kuhlbrodt, T., Popova, E., Jones, C. and Allen, J. I. (2018) BGC-val: a model- and grid-independent Python toolkit to evaluate marine biogeochemical models. Geoscientific Model Development, 11 (10). pp. 4215-4240. ISSN 1991-9603 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4215-2018

Storkey, D., Blaker, A. T., Mathiot, P., Megann, A., Aksenov, Y., Blockley, E. W., Calvert, D., Graham, T., Hewitt, H. T., Hyder, P., Kuhlbrodt, T., Rae, J. G. L. and Sinha, B. (2018) UK Global Ocean GO6 and GO7: a traceable hierarchy of model resolutions. Geoscientific Model Development, 11 (8). pp. 3187-3213. ISSN 1991-9603 doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-3187-2018

Kuhlbrodt, T., Gregory, J. and Shaffrey, L. (2015) A process-based analysis of ocean heat uptake in an AOGCM with an eddy-permitting ocean component. Climate Dynamics, 45 (11). pp. 3205-3226. ISSN 1432-0894 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2534-0

Exarchou, E., Kuhlbrodt, T., Gregory, J. M. and Smith, R. S. (2015) Ocean heat uptake processes: a model intercomparison. Journal of Climate, 28 (2). pp. 887-908. ISSN 1520-0442 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00235.1

Huber, M., Tailleux, R., Ferreira, D., Kuhlbrodt, T. and Gregory, J. (2015) A traceable physical calibration of the vertical advection-diffusion equation for modelling ocean heat uptake. Geophysical Research Letters, 42 (7). pp. 2333-2341. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063383

Bouttes, N., Gregory, J.M., Kuhlbrodt, T. and Smith, R.S. (2014) The drivers of projected North Atlantic sea level change. Climate Dynamics, 43 (5-6). pp. 1531-1544. ISSN 0930-7575 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1973-8

Ballarotta, M., Drijfhout, S., Kuhlbrodt, T. and Döös, K. (2013) The residual circulation of the Southern Ocean: which spatio-temporal scales are needed? Ocean Modelling, 64. pp. 46-55. ISSN 1463-5003 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.01.005

Kuhlbrodt, T. and Gregory, J. (2012) Ocean heat uptake and its consequences for the magnitude of sea level rise and climate change. Geophysical Research Letters, 39 (18). L18608. ISSN 1944-8007 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052952

Kuhlbrodt, T., Smith, R. S., Wang, Z. and Gregory, J. M. (2012) The influence of eddy parameterizations on the transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in coupled climate models. Ocean Modelling, 52-53. pp. 1-8. ISSN 1463-5003 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2012.04.006

Bouttes, N., Gregory, J. M., Kuhlbrodt, T. and Suzuki, T. (2012) The effect of windstress change on future sea level change in the Southern Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 39 (23). L23602. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL054207

Wang, Z., Kuhlbrodt, T. and Meredith, M. P. (2011) On the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport to climate change in coupled climate models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116. C08011. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006757

Kuhlbrodt, T., Rahmstorf, S., Zickfeld, K., Vikebø, F. B., Sundby, S., Hofmann, M., Link, P. M., Bondeau, A., Cramer, W. and Jaeger, C. (2009) An Integrated Assessment of changes in the thermohaline circulation. Climatic Change, 96 (4). pp. 489-537. ISSN 1573-1480 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9561-y

Kuhlbrodt, T. (2008) On Sandström's inferences from his tank experiments - a hundred years later. Tellus Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 60 (5). pp. 819-836. ISSN 0280-6495 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00350.x

Zickfeld, K., Levermann, A., Morgan, M. G., Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Rahmstorf, S. and Keith, D. W. (2007) Expert judgements on the response of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation to climate change. Climatic Change, 82. pp. 235-265. ISSN 0165-0009 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9246-3

Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Griesel, A., Montoya, M., Levermann, A., Hofmann, M. and Rahmstorf, S. (2007) On the driving processes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Reviews of Geophysics, 45 (2). ISSN 8755-1209 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2004RG000166

Lind, P. G., Titz, S., Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Corte-Real, J. A. M., Kurths, J., Gallas, J. A. C. and Feudel, U. (2004) Coupled bistable maps: a tool to study convection parameterization ocean models. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 14 (03). pp. 999-1015. ISSN 1793-6551 doi: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127404009648

Titz, S., Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729 and Feudel, U. (2004) Grid geometry effects on convection in ocean climate models: a conceptual study. Ocean Modelling, 7 (1-2). pp. 165-181. ISSN 1463-5003 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2003.08.001

Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729 and Monahan, A. H. (2003) Stochastic stability of open-ocean deep convection. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33 (12). pp. 2764-2780. ISSN 0022-3670 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2003)033<2764:SSOODC>2.0.CO;2

Titz, S., Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729 and Feudel, U. (2002) Homoclinic bifurcations in an ocean circulation box model. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos, 12 (04). pp. 869-875. ISSN 1793-6551 doi: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218127402004759

Titz, S., Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Rahstorf, S. and Feudel, U. (2002) On freshwater-dependent bifurcations in box models of the interhemispheric thermohaline circulation. Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 54 (1). pp. 89-98. ISSN 1600-0870 doi: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.2002.00303.x

Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729, Titz, S., Feudel, U. and Rahmstorf, S. (2001) A simple model of seasonal open ocean convection - Part II: Labrador Sea stability and stochastic forcing? Ocean Dynamics, 52. pp. 36-49. ISSN 1616-7341 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-001-8175-3

Kuhlbrodt, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-6729 and Névir, P. (2000) Low-order point vortex models of atmospheric blocking. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 73. pp. 127-138. ISSN 1436-5065

Book or Report Section

Cunningham, S., Marsh, R., Wood, R., Wallace, C., Kuhlbrodt, T. and Dye, S. (2010) Atlantic Heat Conveyor (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation). In: Marine Climate Change Impacts Annual Report Card 2010-11, MCCIP Science Review. MCCIP, Lowestoft, 14 pp..

Delworth, T. L., Clark, P. U., Holland, M., Johns, T., Kuhlbrodt, T., Lynch-Stieglitz, C., Seager, R., Weaver, A. J. and Zhang, R. (2008) The potential for abrupt change in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. In: Abrupt Climate Change. A report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, pp. 258-359.