Article

Mbengue, C. O., Woollings, T., Dacre, H. F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-9126 and Hodges, K. I. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-229X (2019) The roles of static stability and tropical – extratropical interactions in the summer interannual variability of the North Atlantic sector. Climate Dynamics, 52 (3-4). pp. 1299-1315. ISSN 0930-7575 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4192-5

Lee, R. W. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-5559, Woollings, T. J., Hoskins, B. J., Williams, K. D., O'Reilly, C. H. and Masato, G. (2018) Impact of Gulf Stream SST biases on the global atmospheric circulation. Climate Dynamics, 51 (9-10). pp. 3369-3387. ISSN 1432-0894 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4083-9

Woollings, T., Barriopedro, D., Methven, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-6872, Son, S.-W., Martius, O., Harvey, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-8181, Sillmann, J., Lupo, A. R. and Seneviratne, S. (2018) Blocking and its response to climate change. Current Climate Change Reports, 4 (3). pp. 287-300. ISSN 2198-6061 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-018-0108-z

Woollings, T., Barnes, E., Hoskins, B., Kwon, Y.-O., Lee, R. W. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-5559, Li, C., Madonna, E., McGraw, M., Parker, T., Rodrigues, R., Spensberger, C. and Williams, K. (2018) Daily to decadal modulation of jet variability. Journal of Climate, 31 (4). pp. 1297-1314. ISSN 1520-0442 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0286.1

Williams, K. D., Copsey, D., Blockley, E. W., Bodas-Salcedo, A., Calvert, D., Comer, R., Davis., P., Graham, T., Hewitt, H. T., Hill, R., Hyder, P., Ineson, S., Johns, T. C., Keen, A. B., Lee, R. W. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-5559, Megann, A., Milton, S. F., Rae, J. G. L., Roberts, M. J., Scaife, A. A., Schiemann, R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-9856, Storkey, D., Thorpe, L., Watterson, I. G., Walters, D. N., West, A., Wood, R. A., Woollings, T. and Xavier, P. K. (2018) The Met Office Global Coupled model 3.0 and 3.1 (GC3.0 & GC3.1) configurations. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 10 (2). pp. 357-380. ISSN 1942-2466 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017MS001115

Byrne, N. J., Shepherd, T. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-9968, Woollings, T. and Plumb, R. A. (2017) Non-stationarity in Southern Hemisphere climate variability associated with the seasonal breakdown of the stratospheric polar vortex. Journal of Climate, 30 (18). pp. 7125-7139. ISSN 1520-0442 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0097.1

Mitchell, D., Davini, P., Harvey, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-8181, Massey, N., Haustein, K., Woollings, T., Jones, R., Otto, F., Guillod, B., Sparrow, S., Wallom, D. and Allen, M. (2017) Assessing mid-latitude dynamics in extreme event attribution systems. Climate Dynamics, 48 (11-12). pp. 3889-3901. ISSN 0930-7575 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3308-z

Vannière, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-400X, Czaja, A., Dacre, H. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-9126 and Woollings, T. (2017) A “cold path” for the Gulf Stream–troposphere connection. Journal of Climate, 30 (4). pp. 1363-1379. ISSN 1520-0442 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0749.1

Kennedy, D., Parker, T., Woollings, T., Harvey, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-8181 and Shaffrey, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-752X (2016) The response of high-impact blocking weather systems to climate change. Geophysical Research Letters, 43 (13). pp. 7250-7258. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069725

Byrne, N. J., Shepherd, T. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-9968, Woollings, T. and Plumb, R. A. (2016) Annular modes and apparent eddy feedbacks in the Southern Hemisphere. Geophysical Research Letters, 43 (8). pp. 3897-3902. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068851

Vanniere, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-400X, Czaja, A., Dacre, H. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-9126, Woollings, T. and Parfitt, R. (2016) A potential vorticity signature for the cold sector of winter extratropical cyclones. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 142 (694). pp. 432-442. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2662

Harvey, B. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-8181, Shaffrey, L. C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-752X and Woollings, T. J. (2015) Deconstructing the climate change response of the Northern Hemisphere wintertime storm tracks. Climate Dynamics, 45 (9). pp. 2847-2860. ISSN 0930-7575 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2510-8

Allison, L., Hawkins, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-3677 and Woollings, T. (2015) An event-based approach to understanding decadal fluctuations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Climate Dynamics, 44 (1-2). pp. 163-190. ISSN 0930-7575 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2271-9

Woollings, T., Franzke, C., Hodson, D. L. R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-6700, Dong, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-7911, Barnes, E. A., Raible, C. C. and Pinto, J. G. (2015) Contrasting interannual and multidecadal NAO variability. Climate Dynamics, 45 (1-2). pp. 539-556. ISSN 0930-7575 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2237-y

Pinto, J. G., Gómara, I., Masato, G., Dacre, H. F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-9126, Woollings, T. and Caballero, R. (2014) Large-scale dynamics associated with clustering of extratropical cyclones affecting Western Europe. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 119 (24). 13,704-13,719. ISSN 2169-8996 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022305

Harvey, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-8181, Shaffrey, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-752X and Woollings, T. (2014) Equator-to-pole temperature differences and the extra-tropical storm track responses of the CMIP5 climate models. Climate Dynamics, 43 (5-6). pp. 1171-1182. ISSN 0930-7575 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1883-9

Gómara, I., Pinto, J. G., Woollings, T., Masato, G., Zurita-Gotor, P. and Rodríguez-Fonseca, B. (2014) Rossby wave-breaking analysis of explosive cyclones in the Euro-Atlantic sector. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 140 (680). pp. 738-753. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2190

Zappa, G., Masato, G., Shaffrey, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-752X, Woollings, T. and Hodges, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-229X (2014) Linking Northern Hemisphere blocking and storm track biases in the CMIP5 climate models. Geophysical Research Letters, 41 (1). pp. 135-139. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058480

Woollings, T., Harvey, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-8181 and Masato, G. (2014) Arctic warming, atmospheric blocking and cold European winters in CMIP5 models. Environmental Research Letters, 9 (1). 014002. ISSN 1748-9326 doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/1/014002

Li, M., Woollings, T., Hodges, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-229X and Masato, G. (2014) Extratropical cyclones in a warmer, moister climate: a recent Atlantic analogue. Geophysical Research Letters, 41 (23). pp. 8594-8601. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062186

Dong, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-7911, Sutton, R. T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-8583, Woollings, T. and Hodges, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-229X (2013) Variability of the North Atlantic summer storm track: mechanisms and impacts on European climate. Environmental Research Letters, 8 (3). 034037. ISSN 1748-9326 doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034037

Dong, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-7911, Sutton, R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-8583 and Woollings, T. (2013) The extreme European summer 2012. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 94 (9). s28-s32. ISSN 1520-0477 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00085.1

Santos, J. A., Woollings, T. and Pinto, J. G. (2013) Are the winters 2010 and 2012 archetypes exhibiting extreme opposite behavior of the North Atlantic jet stream? Monthly Weather Review, 141 (10). pp. 3626-3640. ISSN 1520-0493 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-13-00024.1

Berckmans, J., Woollings, T., Demory, M.-E., Vidale, P.-L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1800-8460 and Roberts, M. (2013) Atmospheric blocking in a high resolution climate model: influences of mean state, orography and eddy forcing. Atmospheric Science Letters, 14 (1). pp. 34-40. ISSN 1530-261X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/asl2.412

Masato, G., Hoskins, B. J. and Woollings, T. (2013) Wave-breaking characteristics of Northern Hemisphere winter blocking: a two-dimensional approach. Journal of Climate, 26 (13). pp. 4535-4549. ISSN 1520-0442 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00240.1

Masato, G., Hoskins, B. J. and Woollings, T. (2013) Winter and Summer Northern Hemisphere blocking in CMIP5 models. Journal of Climate, 26 (18). pp. 7044-7059. ISSN 1520-0442 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00466.1

Woollings, T., Harvey, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-8181, Zahn, M. and Shaffrey, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-752X (2012) On the role of the ocean in projected atmospheric stability changes in the Atlantic polar low region. Geophysical Research Letters, 39 (24). L24802. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL054016

Harvey, B. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-8181, Shaffrey, L. C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-752X, Woollings, T. J., Zappa, G. and Hodges, K. I. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-229X (2012) How large are projected 21st century storm track changes? Geophysical Research Letters, 39 (18). L18707. ISSN 1944–8007 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052873

Woollings, T. and Blackburn, M. (2012) The North Atlantic jet stream under climate change and its relation to the NAO and EA patterns. Journal of Climate, 25 (3). pp. 886-902. ISSN 0894-8755 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00087.1

Woollings, T., Gregory, J. M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1296-8644, Pinto, J. G., Reyers, M. and Brayshaw, D. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3927-4362 (2012) Response of the North Atlantic storm track to climate change shaped by ocean–atmosphere coupling. Nature Geoscience, 5 (5). pp. 313-317. ISSN 1752-0894 doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1438

Hawkins, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-3677, Smith, R. S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-7778, Allison, L. C., Gregory, J. M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1296-8644, Woollings, T. J., Pohlmann, H. and de Cuevas, B. (2011) Bistability of the Atlantic overturning circulation in a global climate model and links to ocean freshwater transport. Geophysical Research Letters, 38 (10). L10605. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047208

Dong, B. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-7911, Sutton, R. T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-8583 and Woollings, T. (2011) Changes of interannual NAO variability in response to greenhouse gases forcing. Climate Dynamics, 37 (7-8). pp. 1621-1641. ISSN 0930-7575 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0936-6

Woollings, T., Pinto, J. G. and Santos, J. A. (2011) Dynamical evolution of North Atlantic ridges and poleward Jet Stream displacements. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 68 (5). pp. 954-963. ISSN 1520-0469 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/2011JAS3661.1

Masato, G., Hoskins, B.J. and Woollings, T. J. (2011) Wave-breaking characteristics of midlatitude blocking. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 138 (666). pp. 1285-1296. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.990

Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172, Harrison, R. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-347X, Owens, M. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-2453, Barnard, L., Woollings, T. and Steinhilber, F. (2011) The solar influence on the probability of relatively cold UK winters in the future. Environmental Research Letters, 6 (3). 034004. ISSN 1748-9326 doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034004

Scaife, A. A., Woollings, T., Knight, J., Martin, G. and Hinton, T. (2010) Atmospheric blocking and mean biases in climate models. Journal of Climate, 23 (23). pp. 6143-6152. ISSN 1520-0442 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3728.1

Woollings, T., Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172, Masato, G., Bell, C. and Gray, L. (2010) Enhanced signature of solar variability in Eurasian winter climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 37. L20805. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044601

Woollings, T. (2010) Dynamical influences on European climate: an uncertain future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 368 (1924). pp. 3733-3756. ISSN 1364-503X doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0040

Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172, Bell, C., Woollings, T., Harrison, R. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-347X, Gray, L. J. and Haigh, J. D. (2010) Top-down solar modulation of climate: evidence for centennial-scale change. Environmental Research Letters, 5 (3). 034008. ISSN 1748-9326 doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/3/034008

Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172, Harrison, R. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-347X, Woollings, T. J. and Solanki, S. K. (2010) Are cold winters in Europe associated with low solar activity? Environmental Research Letters, 5 (2). 024001. ISSN 1748-9326 doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/5/2/024001

Woollings, T., Hannachi, A. and Hoskins, B. (2010) Variability of the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet stream. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 136 (649). pp. 856-868. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.625

Woollings, T., Hannachi, A., Hoskins, B. and Turner, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-6876 (2010) A regime view of the North Atlantic Oscillation and its response to anthropogenic forcing. Journal of Climate, 23 (6). pp. 1291-1307. ISSN 1520-0442 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3087.1

Woollings, T. J., Charlton-Perez, A. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8179-6220, Ineson, S., Marshall, A. G. and Masato, G. (2010) Associations between stratospheric variability and tropospheric blocking. Journal of Geophysical Research, 115 (D6). D06108. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD012742

Woollings, T., Hoskins, B., Blackburn, M., Hassell, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-7502 and Hodges, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-229X (2010) Storm track sensitivity to sea surface temperature resolution in a regional atmosphere model. Climate Dynamics, 35 (2-3). pp. 341-353. ISSN 0930-7575 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0554-3

Brayshaw, D. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3927-4362, Woollings, T. J. and Vellinga, M. (2009) Tropical and extratropical responses of the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation to a sustained weakening of the MOC. Journal of Climate, 22 (11). pp. 3146-3155. ISSN 1520-0442 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2594.1

Masato, G., Hoskins, B. J. and Woollings, T. J. (2009) Can the frequency of blocking be described by a red noise process? Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 66 (7). pp. 2143-2149. ISSN 0022-4928 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAS2907.1

Woollings, T.J. and Hoskins, B.J. (2008) Simultaneous Atlantic-Pacific Blocking and the Northern Annular Mode. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 134 (363). pp. 1635-1646. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.310

Woollings, T. J. (2008) Vertical structure of anthropogenic zonal-mean atmospheric circulation change. Geophysical Research Letters, 35 (19). L19702. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL034883

Woollings, T. J., Hoskins, B. J., Blackburn, M. and Berrisford, P. (2008) A new Rossby Wave-breaking interpretation of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 65 (2). pp. 609-626. ISSN 1520-0469 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAS2347.1

Woollings, T. and Thuburn, J. (2006) Entropy sources in a dynamical core atmosphere model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 132 (614). pp. 43-59. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.189

Thuburn, J. and Woollings, T. J. (2005) Vertical discretizations for compressible Euler equation atmospheric models giving optimal representation of normal modes. Journal of Computational Physics, 203 (2). pp. 386-404. ISSN 0021-9991 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2004.08.018

Book or Report Section

Clifford, D., Creed, E. and Woollings, T. (2013) Investigating the relationship between Eurasian snow and the Arctic Oscillation with data and models. In: Proceedings of Earth Observation and Cryosphere Science : 13-16 November 2012, Frascati, Italy. European Space Agency. ISBN 9789292212766