Article

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2025) Releasing civilian hostages and returning hostage remains. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2025) Cluster munitions and anti-personnel landmines: an explainer. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Killing General Kirillov: question and answers. Articles of War.

Milanovic, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-6096 and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Israel’s Use of force against Syria and the right of self-defense. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) The suspension of hostilities in the Israel-Hezbollah armed conflict. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Lieber papers series – The United States and (most of) the rest: a legal interoperability primer. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Attacking Iran: retaliation or self-defense? Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Killing Nasrallah and the law of armed conflict. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) A policy approach for addressing the “cyber attacks” and “data as an object” debates. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Regaining perspective on the law of armed conflict. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Israel’s jus ad bellum and LOAC obligations and the evolving nature of the conflict. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Targeting Hamas’s Ismail Haniyeh and Hezbollah’s Faud Shukr. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Lauterbach, R.-L. (2024) Under siege: LOAC obligations of the besieged party. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) The Gospel, lavender, and the law of armed conflict. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) The status and influence of expert manuals. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) In honor of Yoram Dinstein – (not) the day after in Gaza. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Retaliation, retribution, and punishment and international law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Watts, S. (2024) Common article 1 of the 1949 Geneva conventions. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Johnson, D. E. (2024) Finding international law in cyberspace. Cadernos de IUM (59). pp. 5-23. ISSN 2183-2129

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Attacking the Quds Force and affiliated groups under the jus ad bellum. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) The influence of weaponry on the jus ad bellum. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) International humanitarian law at risk. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Ukraine symposium - retaliatory warfare in international humanitarian law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Pakkam, A. S. (2024) Cyberspace and the jus ad bellum: the state of play. International Law Studies, 103. pp. 194-229. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Naval War College situation: conflict in Gregoria and Tanaka: the law of targeting. International Law Studies, 103. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Israel - Hamas 2023 symposium : the legal protection of hospitals during armed conflict. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Attacking Hamas - part II, the rules. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Attacking Hamas - part I, the context. Articles of War.

Biggerstaff, W. C. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Protecting the environment in armed conflict: evaluating the US perspective. International Review of the Red Cross, 105 (924). pp. 1267-1292. ISSN 1607-5889 doi: 10.1017/S1816383123000516

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) What is and is not human shielding? Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) The IDF, Hamas, and the duty to warn. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) The evacuation of northern Gaza. Articles of War.

Tramazzo, J. C., Coble, K. S. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Hostage-taking and the law of armed conflict. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) The legal context of Operations Al-Aqsa Flood and Swords of Iron. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Coble, K. S. (2023) The evolving Nagorno-Karabakh conflict – an international law perspective – part II. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Coble, K. S. (2023) The evolving Nagorno-Karabakh conflict – an international law perspective – Part I. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Coble, K. S. (2023) United States transfers depleted uranium rounds to Ukraine: the legal issues. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Military aid to Russia and international law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Tramazzo, J. C. (2023) A legal assessment of North Korean missile tests. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Handling uncertainty in the law of attack. Articles of War.

Biggerstaff, W. C. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Prisoner of war status and nationals of a detaining power. International Law Studies, 100. pp. 513-540. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Ireland takes key stands on international law in cyberspace. European Journal of International Law: Talk!.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Was Russia at war with the Wagner group? Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) The Expert Panel’s review of Amnesty International’s allegations of Ukrainian IHL violations. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Tramazzo, J. (2023) The Wagner Group’s “no quarter” order and international law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Reflections on the DoD General Counsel’s cyber law address. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Biggerstaff, W. (2023) Are states aiding and assisting Ukraine and Russia using force? Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) The Russian intercept of the U.S. Reaper and international law. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Reprisals in international humanitarian law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Does international law still matter in Ukraine? Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Biggerstaff, W. C. (2023) Aid and assistance as a “use of force” under the jus ad bellum. International Law Studies, 100. pp. 186-228. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Classification of the conflict(s). Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Using cellphones to gather and transmit information – a postscript. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Biggerstaff, W. C. (2022) Are civilians reporting with cellphones directly participating in hostilities? Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Dirty bombs and international humanitarian law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Attacking power infrastructure and international humanitarian law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Attacking power infrastructure under international humanitarian law. Articles of War.

Milanovic, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-6096 and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) The Kerch Strait Bridge attack, retaliation, and international law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Protected zones in international humanitarian law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Amnesty International’s allegations of Ukrainian IHL violations. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Biggerstaff, W. C. (2022) The al-Zawahiri strike and the law of armed conflict. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Forced civilian labor in occupied territory. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Cyber symposium – the evolution of Cyber Jus Ad Bellum thresholds. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) The law of cyber conflict: quo vadis? Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Finland and Sweden invited to join NATO: significance and process. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Déjà vu: international landmine law and the new U.S. landmine policy. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) U.S. offensive cyber operations in support of Ukraine. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Negotiating an end to the fighting. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) The United Kingdom on international law in cyberspace. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Are we at war? Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Responding to malicious or hostile actions under international law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Weaponizing civilians: human shields in Ukraine. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Russian booby-traps and the Ukraine conflict. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Weaponizing food. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Deportation of Ukrainian citizens to Russia: the legal framework. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) A no-fly zone over Ukraine and international law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Providing arms and materiel to Ukraine: neutrality, Co-belligerency, and the use of force. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Russian troops out of uniform and prisoner of war status. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Russia’s “special military operation” and the (claimed) right of self-defense. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Expert backgrounder: NATO response options to potential Russia cyber attacks: understanding the legal framework. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Attacking dams – part II: the 1977 additional protocols. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Attacking dams – part I: customary international law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Russian cyber operations and Ukraine: the legal framework. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Embracing LOAC pluralism. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Canada takes on international law in cyberspace. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) International humanitarian law and the conduct of cyber hostilities: quo vadis. Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies, 13 (2). pp. 189-2212. ISSN 1878-1373 doi: 10.1163/18781527-bja10059

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) Normative architecture and applied international humanitarian law. International Review of the Red Cross, 104 (920-921). pp. 2097-2110. ISSN 1816-3831 doi: 10.1017/S1816383122000662

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) IHL’s applicability in cyberspace: reaching consensus in 2021. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Over-the-horizon operations – part III: how may force be used? Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Over-the-horizon operations – part II: where may force be used? Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Over-the-horizon operations – part I: when may force be used? Articles of War.

Johnson, D. E. and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Responding to proxy cyber operations under international law. Cyber Defense Review, 6 (4). pp. 15-30. ISSN 2474-2120

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Assassination in the Law of war. Articles of War.

Arimatsu, L. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) The plea of necessity: an oft overlooked response option to hostile cyber operations. International Law Studies, 97. pp. 1171-1199. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Terminological precision and international cyber law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Turning Cuba’s internet back on: international legal options. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Three international law rules for responding effectively to hostile cyber operations. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) International law at NATO’s Brussels summit. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Targeting dual-use structures: an alternative interpretation. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) The sixth United Nations GGE and international law in cyberspace. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Legal protection of the media in armed conflict: Gaza. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Germany’s positions on international law in cyberspace part II: use of force and international humanitarian law. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Germany’s positions on international law in cyberspace part I: general international law. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) President Biden's first use of force and international law. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Foreign cyber interference in elections. International Law Studies, 97. pp. 739-764. ISSN 2375-2831

Cherry, J., Tinkler, K. and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Avoiding collateral damage on the battlefield. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Watts, S. (2021) Collective cyber countermeasures? Harvard National Security Journal, 12 (2). pp. 373-411. ISSN 2153-1358

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Johnson, D. E. (2021) Responding to hostile cyber operations: the “in-kind” option. International Law Studies, 97. pp. 96-121. ISSN 2375-2831

Johnson, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) The duty to investigate war crimes. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Russia’s SolarWinds operation and international law. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Watts, S. (2020) Common Article 1 and the duty to “Ensure Respect”. International Law Studies, 96. pp. 674-706. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Israel’s cautious perspective on international law in cyberspace: part I (methodology and general international law). EJIL:Talk! Blog of the European Journal of International Law.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) New Zealand pushes the dialogue on international cyber law forward. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Autonomous cyber capabilities and the international law of sovereignty and intervention. International Law Studies, 96. pp. 549-576. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Finland sets out key positions on international cyber law. Just Security.

Milanovic, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-6096 and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Cyber attacks and cyber (mis)information operations during a pandemic. Journal of National Security Law and Policy, 11 (1). pp. 247-284. ISSN 1553-3158

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Foreign cyber interference in elections: an international law primer, part I. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Foreign cyber interference in elections: an international law primer, part II. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Foreign cyber interference in elections: an international law primer, part III. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Taming the lawless void: tracking the evolution of international law rules for cyberspace. Texas National Security Review, 3 (3). pp. 32-47. ISSN 2576-1153

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Noteworthy releases of international cyber law positions – part I: NATO. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Noteworthy releases of international cyber law positions – part II: Iran. Articles of War.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Cyber operations against vaccine R & D: key international law prohibitions and obligations. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Targeting non-state “mixed groups”. Articles of War.

Nasu, H. and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) A threat or a warning: Russia’s weapons testing in space. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) COVID-19 and International Law. Directions: Cyber Digital Europe..

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Johnson, D. (2020) Iranian gunboat harassment and the rules of engagement. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) International humanitarian law and the targeting of non-state intelligence personnel and objects. Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 30 (2). pp. 309-347.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) The defense department’s measured take on international law in cyberspace. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Tinkler, K. (2020) War in space: how international humanitarian law might apply. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Norm-skepticism in cyberspace? Counter-factual and counterproductive. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Israel’s cautious perspective on international law in cyberspace: part II (jus ad bellum and jus in bello). EJIL:Talk! Blog of the European Journal of International Law.

Shany, Y. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) An international attribution mechanism for hostile cyber operations. International Law Studies, 96. pp. 196-222. ISSN 2375-2831

Biller, J. and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2019) Classification of cyber capabilities and operations as weapons, means, or methods of warfare. International Law Studies, 95. pp. 179-225. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2019) Estonia speaks out on key rules for cyberspace. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2019) France speaks Out on IHL and cyber operations: part I. EJIL: Talk.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2019) France speaks out on IHL and cyber operations: part II. EJIL: Talk!.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2019) France’s major statement on international law and cyber: an assessment. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2019) The Netherlands releases a Tour de Force on international law in cyberspace: analysis. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2019) The North Atlantic alliance and collective defense at 70: confession and response revisited. Emory International Law Review, 34. pp. 85-120.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2019) Top expert backgrounder: aborted U.S. strike, cyber operation against Iran and international law. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557, Tinkler, K. and Johnson, D. (2019) The U.N. Yemen report and siege warfare. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2019) U.S. cyber command, Russia and critical infrastructure: what norms and laws apply? Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Schauss, M. (2019) Uncertainty in the law of targeting: towards a cognitive framework. Harvard National Security Journal, 10 (1). pp. 149-194.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2019) Wired warfare 3.0: protecting the civilian population during cyber operations. International Review of the Red Cross, 101 (1). pp. 333-355. doi: 10.1017/S1816383119000018

Macak, K. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2018) “Enemy controlled battlespace”: the contemporary meaning and purpose of additional protocol I’s Article 44(3) exception. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 51 (5). pp. 1353-1380. ISSN 0090-2594

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2018) International cyber norms: reflections on the path ahead. Militair Rechtelijk Tijdschrift, 111. pp. 12-23. ISSN 0920-1106

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2018) "Virtual disenfranchisement": cyber election meddling in the grey zones of international law. Chicago Journal of International Law, 19 (1). pp. 30-67. ISSN 1529-0816

Reeves, S. and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2018) An Athens and Sparta Alliance: a call for collaboration between academics and practitioners on the law governing conflict. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and King, M. (2018) The “shift cold” military tactic and international humanitarian law. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Goodman, R. (2018) Best advice for policymakers on “bloody nose” strike against North Korea: it’s illegal. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2018) In defense of sovereignty in cyberspace. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Highfill, C. (2018) Invisible injuries: concussive effects and international humanitarian law. Harvard National Security Journal, 9 (1). pp. 73-99. ISSN 2153-1358

Biller, J. and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2018) Un-caging the bear? A case study in cyber opinio juris and unintended consequences. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Fahey, S. (2017) WannaCry and the international law of cyberspace. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Maurer, T. (2017) Protecting financial data in cyberspace: precedent for further progress on cyber norms? Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Biller, J. (2017) The NotPetya cyber operation as a case study of international law. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2017) Peacetime cyber responses and wartime cyber operations under international law: an analytical vade mecum. Harvard National Security Journal, 8 (2). pp. 239-282. ISSN 2153-1358

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Ford, C. (2017) Assessing U.S. justifications for using force in response to Syria's chemical attacks: an international law perspective. Journal of National Security Law and Policy, 9 (2). pp. 283-303. ISSN 1553-3158

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2017) Grey zones in the international law of cyberspace. Yale Journal of International Law Online, 42 (2).

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Barker, P. (2017) “The mother of all bombs”: understanding the massive ordnance air blast weapon. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Ford, C. (2017) The use of force in response to Syrian chemical attacks: emergence of a new norm? Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Goddard, D. S. (2017) International law and the military use of unmanned maritime systems. International Review of the Red Cross, 98 (902). pp. 567-592. ISSN 1607-5889 doi: 10.1017/S1816383117000339

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Vihul, L. (2017) Respect for sovereignty in cyberspace. Texas Law Review, 95 (7). pp. 1639-1670. ISSN 0040-4411

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Vihul, L. (2017) Sovereignty in cyberspace: lex lata vel non? American Journal of International Law Unbound, 111. pp. 213-218. ISSN 2161-7953 doi: 10.1017/aju.2017.55

Hathaway, O., Lederman, M. and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2016) Two lingering concerns about the forthcoming law of war manual amendments. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2016) US transparency regarding international law in cyberspace. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Watts, S. (2016) Beyond state-centrism: international law and non-state actors in cyberspace. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 21 (3). pp. 595-611. ISSN 1467-7962 doi: 10.1093/jcsl/krw019

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Watts, S. (2015) The decline of international humanitarian law opinio juris and the law of cyber warfare. Texas International Law Journal, 50 (2-3). pp. 189-231. ISSN 0163-7479

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) Regulating autonomous weapons might be smarter than banning them. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) It’s complicated: the nuances of any US effort to defend division 30 from Assad. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) Cyber responses “by the numbers” in international law. EJIL:Talk!.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) In defense of due diligence in cyberspace. The Yale Law Journal - Forum, 125. pp. 68-81.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) The relationship between context and proportionality: a reply to Cohen and Shany. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Merriam, J. (2015) A legal and operational assessment of Israeli targeting practices. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) Preparing for cyber war: a clarion call. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Pitts, M. C. (2015) Cyber countermeasures and effects on third parties: the international legal regime. Baltic Yearbook of International Law Online, 14 (1). pp. 1-21. ISSN 2211-5897 doi: 10.1163/22115897-90000117

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) The notion of ‘objects’ during cyber operations: a riposte in defence of interpretive and applicative precision. Israel Law Review, 48 (1). pp. 81-109. ISSN 2047-9336 doi: 10.1017/S0021223714000314

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) The state of humanitarian law in cyber conflict. Just Security.

Merriam, J. J. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) Israeli targeting: a legal appraisal. Naval War College Review, 68 (4). pp. 15-34. ISSN 0028-1484

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Watts, S. (2015) State opinio juris and international humanitarian law pluralism. International Law Studies, 91. pp. 171-215. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) The law of cyber targeting. Naval War College Review, 68 (2). pp. 11-29. ISSN 0028-1484

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) The law of cyber targeting. The Tallinn Papers (7). pp. 1-20.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Merriam, J. J. (2015) The tyranny of context: Israeli targeting practices in legal perspective. University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, 37 (1). pp. 53-139. ISSN 1938-0283

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) Normative voids and asymmetry in cyber space. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) International law and cyber attacks: Sony v. North Korea. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Vihul, L. (2014) The nature of international law cyber norms. The Tallinn Papers, 5. pp. 1-31. (Tallinn Paper No.5)

Arimatsu, L. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) Attacking “Islamic State” and the Khorasan group: surveying the international law landscape. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 53 (1). pp. 1-29. ISSN 0010-1931

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) Rewired warfare: rethinking the law of cyber attack. International Review of the Red Cross, 96 (893). pp. 189-206. ISSN 1607-5889 doi: 10.1017/S1816383114000381

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Widmar, E. (2014) “On target”: precision and balance in the contemporary law of targeting. Journal of National Security Law and Policy, 7 (3). pp. 379-409.

Goodman, R. and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) Having crossed the Rubicon: arming and training Syrian rebels. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Walle, A. E. (2014) The international law of unconventional statecraft. Harvard National Security Journal, 5 (2). pp. 349-376.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) The law of cyber warfare: quo vadis? Stanford Law and Policy Review, 25 (2). pp. 269-299.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) A step in the wrong direction: the EU parliament’s drone resolution. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) Legitimacy versus legality redux: arming the Syrian rebels. Journal of National Security Law and Policy, 7 (1). pp. 139-159. ISSN 1553-3158

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) Charting the legal geography of non-international armed conflict. International Law Studies, 90 (1). pp. 1-19. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) "Below the threshold" cyber operations: the countermeasures response option and international law. Virginia Journal of International Law, 54 (3). pp. 697-732. ISSN 0042-6571

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) Drone law: a reply to UN Special Rapporteur Emmerson. Virginia Journal of International Law Digest, 55 (13). pp. 13-28.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) Narrowing the international law divide: the drone debate matures. Yale Journal of International Law Online, 39. pp. 1-14.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Vihul, L. (2014) Proxy wars in cyber space: the evolving international law of attribution. Fletcher Security Review, 1 (2). pp. 55-73.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2013) Extraterritorial lethal targeting: deconstructing the logic of international law. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 52 (1). pp. 77-112. ISSN 0010-1931

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2013) Five myths in the debate about cyber war. Just Security.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2013) Wound, capture, or kill: a reply to Ryan Goodman’s ‘the power to kill or capture enemy combatants'. European Journal of International Law, 24 (3). pp. 855-861. ISSN 1464-3596 doi: 10.1093/ejil/cht049

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Thurnher, J. S. (2013) "Out of the loop": autonomous weapon systems and the law of armed conflict. Harvard National Security Journal, 4 (2). pp. 231-281.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2013) Cyberspace and international law: the penumbral mist of uncertainty. Harvard Law Review Forum, 126.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2013) Autonomous weapon systems and international humanitarian law: a reply to the critics. Harvard National Security Journal, 4. pp. 1-37.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2013) Charting the legal geography of non-international armed conflict. Military Law and the Law of War Review, 52 (1). pp. 93-102. ISSN 0556-7394

Markham, C. J. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2013) Precision air warfare and the law of armed conflict. International Law Studies, 89 (1). pp. 669-695. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2013) The Syrian intervention: assessing the possible international law justifications. International Law Studies, 89 (1). pp. 744-756. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2012) Classification of cyber conflict. Journal of Conflict & Security Law, 17 (2). pp. 245-260. ISSN 1467-7962 doi: 10.1093/jcsl/krs018

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2012) International law in cyberspace: the Koh speech and Tallinn manual juxtaposed. Harvard International Law Journal, 54. pp. 13-37.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2012) Unmanned combat aircraft systems (armed drones) and international humanitarian law: simplifying the oft benighted debate. Boston University International Law Journal, 30. pp. 595-619.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2011) Cyber operations and the jus ad bellum revisited. Villanova Law Review, 56 (3). pp. 569-606. ISSN 0042-6229

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2011) Cyber operations and the jus in bello: key issues. International Law Studies, 87. pp. 89-110. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2011) Investigating violations of international law in armed conflict. Harvard National Security Journal, 2 (1). pp. 31-84. ISSN 2153-1358

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2011) Wings over Libya: the no-fly zone in legal perspective. Yale Journal of International Law Online, 36. pp. 45-58.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2010) The interpretive guidance on the notion of direct participation in hostilities: a critical analysis. Harvard National Security Journal, 1. pp. 5-44. ISSN 2153-1358

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2010) Deconstructing direct participation in hostilities: the constitutive elements. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 42 (3). pp. 697-739.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2010) Military necessity and humanity in international humanitarian law: preserving the delicate balance. Virginia Journal of International Law, 50 (4). pp. 795-839. ISSN 0042-6571

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2009) Targeting narcoinsurgents in Afghanistan: the limits of international humanitarian law. Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, 12. pp. 301-320. ISSN 1574-096X doi: 10.1017/S1389135909000117

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2009) Human shields in international humanitarian law. Columbia Journal of Transitional Law, 47 (2). pp. 292-338.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2009) Targeting and international humanitarian law in Afghanistan. International Law Studies, 85 (1). pp. 307-339. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2009) The vanishing law of war: reflections on law and war in the 21st century. Harvard International Review, 31 (1). pp. 64-68. ISSN 0739-1854

Kramer, M. L. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2008) Lawyers on horseback? Thoughts on judge advocates and civil-military relations. UCLA Law Review, 55. pp. 1407-1436.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2008) "Change Direction" 2006: Israeli operations in Lebanon and the international law of self-defense. Michigan Journal of International Law, 29 (2). pp. 127-164. ISSN 1052-2867

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2008) Proportionate and discriminate use of weapons: challenges for a military commander. Collegium, 37. pp. 53-63. ISSN 1371-0346

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2008) Responding to transnational terrorism under the jus ad bellum: a normative framework. Naval Law Review, 56 (1). pp. 1-42. ISSN 1049-0272

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2007) 21st century conflict: can the Law Survive? Melbourne Journal of International Law, 8 (2). pp. 443-476. ISSN 1444-8602

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2007) Contractors on the battlefield: the US approach. Netherlands Military Law Review, 7. pp. 264-280.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2006) Effects-based operations and the law of aerial warfare. Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 5 (2). pp. 265-293. ISSN 1546-6981

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2006) War, technology and the law of armed conflict. International Law Studies, 82 (1). pp. 137-182. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2006) The legality of operation Iraqi freedom under international law. International Law Studies, 81. pp. 367-394. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2005) Precision attack and international humanitarian law. International Review of the Red Cross, 87 (859). pp. 445-466. ISSN 1607-5889 doi: 10.1017/S1816383100184334

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2005) War, technology and international humanitarian law. Programme on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research. (Occasional Paper 4)

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2005) Humanitarian law and direct participation in hostilities by private contractors or civilian employees. Chicago Journal of International Law, 5 (2). ISSN 1529-0816

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557, Harrison Dinniss, H. A. and Wingfield, T. C. (2004) Computers and war: the legal battlespace. Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2004) U.S. security strategies: a legal assessment. Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 27 (3). pp. 737-763.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2003) The conduct of hostilities during Operation Iraqi Freedom: an international humanitarian law assessment. Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, 6. pp. 73-109. ISSN 1574-096X doi: 10.1017/S138913590000129X

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2003) International law and the use of force: the jus ad bellum. Connections, 2 (3). pp. 89-97. ISSN 1812-2973

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2003) Bellum Americanum revisited: U.S. security strategy and the jus ad bellum. Military Law Review, 176. pp. 364-421. ISSN 0026-4040 (Sixteenth Waldemar A. Solf Lecture)

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2003) Counter-terrorism and the use of force in international law. International Law Studies, 79. pp. 7-73. ISSN 2375-2831

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2003) Preemptive strategies and international law. Michigan Journal of International Law, 24 (2). pp. 513-548. ISSN 1052-2867

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2003) The impact of high and low tech warfare on the principle of distinction. Harvard Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Vasiu, M. (2002) NATO enlargement on the eve of the second round. Connections, 1 (1). pp. 69-92. ISSN 1812-2973

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2002) 'Target approval delays cost air force key hits': law, policy, ethics and the warfighter's dilemma. Journal of Military Ethics, 1 (2). pp. 113-124. ISSN 1502-7589 doi: 10.1080/150275702320231325

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2002) Wired warfare: computer network attack and jus in bello. International Review of the Red Cross, 84 (846). pp. 365-399. ISSN 1607-5889 doi: 10.1017/S1560775500097741

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2001) Computer network attack: the normative software. Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, 4. pp. 53-86. ISSN 1574-096X doi: 10.1017/S1389135900000829

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2000) Humanitarian law and the environment. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 28 (3). pp. 265-323.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Richards, P. J. (2000) Into uncharted waters: the international criminal court. Naval War College Review, 53 (1). pp. 93-136. ISSN 0028-1484

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2000) The law of armed conflict as soft power: optimizing strategic choice. International Law Studies, 75 (1). pp. 455-482. ISSN 2375-2831

Book or Report Section

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Big data: international law issues below the armed conflict threshold. In: Dickinson, L. A. and Berg, E. W. (eds.) Big Data and Armed Conflict: Legal Issues Above and Below the Armed Conflict Threshold. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 29-54. ISBN 9780197668610 doi: 10.1093/oso/9780197668610.003.0003

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2023) Big data: international law issues during armed conflict. In: Dickinson, L. A. and Berg, E. W. (eds.) Big Data and Armed Conflict: Legal Issues Above and Below the Armed Conflict Threshold. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 151-178. ISBN 9780197668610 doi: 10.1093/oso/9780197668610.003.0007

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Koschnitsky, C. (2023) The regular armed forces, uniforms, and prisoner of war status. In: Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Koschnitsky, C. (eds.) Prisoners of War in Contemporary Conflict. Oxford University Press, pp. 51-80. ISBN 9780197663288 doi: 10.1093/oso/9780197663288.003.0003

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) The law of cyber conflict: Quo Vadis 2.0? In: Waxman, M. C. and Oakley, T. W. (eds.) The Future Law of Armed Conflict. The Lieber Studies Series. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 103-121. ISBN 9780197626054

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2021) Cyber security and international law. In: Geiss, R. and Melzer, N. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook on the International Law of Global Security. Oxford Handbooks. Oxford University Press, pp. 661-678. ISBN 9780192562180

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Basic principles in the conduct of hostilities. In: Akande, D. and Saul, B. (eds.) The Oxford Guide to International Humanitarian Law. Oxford University Press, pp. 147-174. ISBN 9780198855309

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557, Biller, J., Fahey, S. C., Goddard, D. S. and Highfill, C. (2017) Joint and combined targeting. In: Ohlin, J. D., May, L. and Finkelstein, C. (eds.) Weighing Lives in War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198796176 doi: 10.1093/oso/9780198796176.001.0001

Radin, S. and Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2016) Investigations under international humanitarian law. In: Liivoja, R. and McCormack, T. (eds.) Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed Conflict. Routledge, pp. 556-571. ISBN 9780415640374

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Vihul, L. (2016) The emergence of international legal norms for cyberconflict. In: Allhoff, F., Henschke, A. and Strawser, B. J. (eds.) Binary bullets: the ethics of cyberwarfare. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 34-55. ISBN 9780190221072 doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190221072.003.0003

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Widmar, E. (2016) The law of targeting. In: Ducheine, P. A. L., Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Osinga, F. P. B. (eds.) Targeting: The Challenges of Modern Warfare. T.M.C. Asser Press, pp. 121-145. ISBN 9789462650718 doi: 10.1007/978-94-6265-072-5_6

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Vihul, L. (2016) The nature of international law cyber norms. In: Osula, A.-M. and Roigas, H. (eds.) International Cyber Norms Legal, Policy & Industry Perspectives. NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, Tallinn, Estonia, pp. 23-48. ISBN 9789949954469

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) Air law and military operations. In: Gill, T. D. and Fleck, D. (eds.) The Handbook of the International Law of Military Operations. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 354-374. ISBN 9780198744627

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) Targeting in operational law. In: Gill, T. D. and Fleck, D. (eds.) The Handbook of the international law of military operations. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 269-306. ISBN 9780198744627

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2015) The use of cyber force and international law. In: Weller, M. (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of the Use of Force in International Law. Oxford University Press, pp. 1110-1130. ISBN 9780199673049

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2014) Air warfare. In: Clapham, A. and Gaeta, P. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Armed Conflict. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 118-144. ISBN 9780199559695

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2012) The status of opposition fighters in a non-international armed conflict. In: Dinstein, Y. (ed.) Israel Yearbook on Human Rights. Brill, pp. 27-54. ISBN 9789004231832

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2012) Iraq 2013 onwards. In: Wilmshurst, E. (ed.) International Law and the Classification of Conflicts. Oxford University Press, pp. 356-386. ISBN 9780199657759

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2012) Discriminate warfare: the military necessity - humanity dialectic of international humanitarian law. In: Lovell, D. and Primoratz, I. (eds.) Protecting Civilians During Violent Conflict. Routledge, London, UK, pp. 85-102. ISBN 9781409431251 doi: 10.4324/9781315602660

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2012) 'Attack' as a term of art in international law: the cyber operations context. In: Czosseck, C., Ottis, R. and Ziolkowski, K. (eds.) Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cyber Conflict. NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, pp. 283-293. ISBN 9789949904082

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2012) Classification in future conflicts. In: Wilmshurst, E. (ed.) International Law and the Classification of Conflicts. Oxford University Press, pp. 455-477.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2012) 'The "use of force" in cyberspace' a reply to Dr Ziolkowski. In: Czosseck, C., Ottis, R. and Ziolkowski, K. (eds.) Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cyber Conflict. NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, pp. 311-316. ISBN 9789949904082

Dwigans, D. L. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2011) International law and counterterrorism. In: Harmon, C. C., Pratt, A. N. and Gorka, S. (eds.) Toward a Grand Strategy Against Terrorism. McGraw-Hill, pp. 86-102. ISBN 9780073527796

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2010) Cyber operations in international law: the use of force, collective security, self-defense and armed conflicts. In: Proceedings of a Workshop on Deterring Cyberattacks: Informing Strategies and Developing Options for U.S. Policy. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 151-178. ISBN 9780309160353 doi: 10.17226/12997

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2010) Drone attacks under the jus ad bellum and jus in bello: clearing the 'fog of law'. In: Yearbook of International Human Law. Springer, pp. 311-326. doi: 10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_9

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2009) Contemporary 'methods' of warfare and international humanitarian law. In: van Genugten, W. J. M., Scharf, M. P. and Radin, S. E. (eds.) Criminal Jurisdiction 100 Years after the 1907 Hague Peace Conference. T.M.C. Asser Press, pp. 317-324. ISBN 9789067042802

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2008) Targeted killings in international law: law enforcement, self-defense and armed conflict. In: Arnold, R. and Quenivet, N. (eds.) International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law: Towards a New Merger in International Law. Brill Nijhoff, pp. 525-553. ISBN 9789004163171 doi: 10.1163/ej.9789004163171.1-608.131

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2007) The United States Supreme Court and detainees in the War on Terror. In: Dinstein, Y. and Domb, F. (eds.) Israel Yearbook on Human Rights. Brill | Nijhoff, pp. 33-84. ISBN 9789004162983

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2007) The law of targeting. In: Wilmshurst, E. and Breau, S. (eds.) Perspectives on the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law. Cambridge University Press, pp. 131-168. ISBN 9780521882903

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2007) Asymmetrical warfare and international humanitarian law. In: Heintschel von Heinegg, W. and Epping, V. (eds.) International Humanitarian Law Facing New Challenges. Springer, pp. 11-48. ISBN 9783540490890

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2006) International law and military operations in space. In: von Bogdandy, A., Wolfrum, R. and Philipp, C. (eds.) Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law, Volume 10. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, pp. 89-125. ISBN 9789004155114

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2006) Fault lines in the law of attack. In: Breau, S. and Jachec-Neale, A. (eds.) Testing the Boundaries of International Humanitarian Law. British Institute of International & Comparative Law, pp. 277-307. ISBN 9780903067997

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Garraway, C. (2004) Occupation policy in Iraq and international law. In: Langholtz, H., Kondoch, B. and Wells, A. (eds.) International Peacekeeping: The Yearbook of International Peace Operations. International Peacekeeping, 9. Brill, pp. 27-61. ISBN 9789004143159

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2004) CNA and the jus in bello: an introduction. In: Bystrom, K. (ed.) Computer Network Attack and the Applicability of International Humanitarian Law. Swedish National Defence College Press, pp. 101-125.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2004) "Direct Participation in Hostilities" and 21st century armed conflict. In: Fischer, H. (ed.) Crisis Management and Humanitarian Protection. BWV, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, pp. 505-529. ISBN 9783830505686

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2004) The case of Iraq: jus ad bellum. In: From Peace to Justice: Proceedings of the First Conference by the Hague Academic Coalition. T.M.C. Asser Press, pp. 30-38.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2003) Deconstructing October 7th: a case study in the law of counterterrorism. In: Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (ed.) Terrorism and International Law: Challenges and Responses. International Institute of Humanitarian Law, pp. 39-49.

Report

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Vihul, L., (2024) European approaches to the application of international law in cyberspace: a comparative legal analysis. Report. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. ISBN 9789294623638 doi: 10.2815/2913422

Conference or Workshop Item

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2008) Human shields from an attacker's perspective. In: International Institute of Humanitarian Law - 30th Round Table on Current Problems in International Humanitarian Law, 6-8 Sep 2007, Sanremo, Italy, pp. 86-96.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2002) Ethics and military force: the jus in bello. In: Carnegie Council workshop on European and North American Perspectives on Ethics and the Use of Force, Jan 2002. (Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs)

Book

Kraska, J., Pedrozo, R. and Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2024) Annotated supplement to the Commander's Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations. International Law Studies, 102 (1). Stockton Center for International Law.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Koschnitzky, C. J., eds. (2023) Prisoners of war in contemporary conflict. The Lieber Studies Series. Oxford University Press, New York, USA, pp464. ISBN 9780197663288 doi: 10.1093/oso/9780197663288.001.0001

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557, ed. (2017) Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781316822524 doi: 10.1017/9781316822524

Ducheine, P. A., Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Osinga, F. P. B., eds. (2015) Targeting: the challenges of modern warfare. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, NL. ISBN 9789462650718 doi: 10.1007/978-94-6265-072-5

Program on HPCR at Harvard University ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2013) HPCR Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp503. ISBN 9781139525275 doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139525275

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557, ed. (2013) Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139169288 doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139169288

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Heinegg, W. H. v., eds. (2012) The Development and Principles of International Humanitarian Law. The Library of Essays in International Humanitarian Law. Routledge, pp586. ISBN 9780754629344

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Heinegg, W. H. v., eds. (2012) The Scope and Applicability of International Humanitarian Law. The Library of Essays in International Humanitarian Law. Routledge, pp534. ISBN 9780754629337

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Heinegg, W. H. v., eds. (2012) Detention and Occupation in International Humanitarian Law. The Library of Essays in International Humanitarian Law. Routledge, pp574. ISBN 9780754629375

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Heinegg, W. H. v., eds. (2012) The Conduct of Hostilities in International Humanitarian Law, Volume I. The Library of Essays in International Humanitarian Law. Routledge, pp562. ISBN 9780754629351

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Heinegg, W. H. v., eds. (2012) The Conduct of Hostilities in International Humanitarian Law, Volume II. The Library of Essays in International Humanitarian Law. Routledge, pp600. ISBN 9780754629368

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Heinegg, W. H. v., eds. (2012) The Implementation and Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law. The Library of Essays in International Humanitarian Law. Routledge, pp530. ISBN 9780754629382

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 (2012) Essays on Law and War at the Fault Lines. T. M. C. Asser Press. ISBN 9789067047395 doi: 10.1007/978-90-6704-740-1

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Pejic, J., eds. (2007) International Law and Armed Conflict: Exploring the Faultlines. International Humanitarian Law Series, 15. Brill | Nijhoff. ISBN 9789004154285

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557, Garraway, C. H. B. and Dinstein, Y. (2006) The Manual on the Law of Non-International Armed Conflict. International Institute of Humanitarian Law.

Schmitt, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Beruto, G. L. (2003) Terrorism and International Law: Challenges and Responses. International Institute of Humanitarian Law, Sanremo, Italy, pp172.

Schmitt, M. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-9557 and Green, L. C., eds. (2001) International Law Across the Spectrum of Conflict: Essays in Honour of Professor L.C. Green on the Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday. International Law Studies, 75. U.S. Naval War College Press, pp607. ISBN 9781884733178