2022

Paulik, G., Newman Taylor, K., Steel, C. and Arntz, A. (2022) Managing dissociation in imagery rescripting for voice hearers with trauma: lessons from a case series. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 29 (2). pp. 434-445. ISSN 1077-7229 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.06.009

Simon, J., Kiss, N., Korrelboom, K., Kingdon, D., Wykes, T., Phiri, P., van der Gaag, M., Baksh, M. F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-8815 and Steel, C. (2022) Cost-effectiveness of Positive Memory Training (PoMeT) for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (19). 11985. ISSN 1660-4601 doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911985

2021

Hardy, A., O'Driscoll, C., Steel, C., van der Gaag, M. and van den Berg, D. (2021) A network analysis of post-traumatic stress and psychosis symptoms. Psychological Medicine, 51 (14). pp. 2485-2492. ISSN 1469-8978 doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720001300

2020

Steel, C., Korrelboom, K., Baksh, M. F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-8815, Kingdon, D., Simon, J., Wykes, T., Phiri, P. and van der Gaag, M. (2020) Positive memory training for the treatment of depression in schizophrenia: a randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 135. 103734. ISSN 0005-7967 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103734

Steel, C., Wright, K., Ggoodwin, G., Simon, J., Morant, N., Taylor, R., Brown, M., Jennings, S., Hales, S. and Holmes, E. (2020) The IBER study: study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of Imagery Based Emotion Regulation for the treatment of anxiety in bipolar disorder. Pilot and feasibility studies, 6 (1). 83. ISSN 2055-5784 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-020-00628-8

Steel, C., Schnackenberg, J., Travers, Z., Longden, E., Greenfield, E., Meredith, L., Perry, H. and Corstens, D. (2020) Voice hearers’ experiences of the Making Sense of Voices in an NHS setting. Psychosis, 12 (2). pp. 106-114. ISSN 1752-2439 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2019.1707859

2019

Paulik, G., Steel, C. and Arntz, A. (2019) Imagery rescripting for the treatment of trauma in voice hearers: a case series. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 47 (6). pp. 709-725. ISSN 1352-4658 doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465819000237

Steel, C., Schnackenberg, J., Perry, H., Longden, E., Greenfield, E. and Corstens, D. (2019) Making sense of voices: a case series. Psychosis, 11 (1). pp. 3-15. ISSN 1752-2439 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2018.1559874

2017

Steel, C. (2017) Psychological interventions for working with trauma and distressing voices: the future is in the past. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. 2035. ISSN 1664-1078 doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02035

Steel, C., Hardy, A., Smith, B., Wykes, T., Rose, S., Enright, S., Hardcastle, M., Landau, S., Baksh, M. F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-8815, Gottlieb, J. D., Rose, D. and Mueser, K. T. (2017) Cognitive-behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress in schizophrenia: a randomised controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 47 (1). pp. 43-51. ISSN 1469-8978 doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716002117

Steel, C., Doukani, A. and Hardy, A. (2017) The PCL as a brief screen for posttraumatic stress disorder within schizophrenia. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 21 (2). pp. 148-150. ISSN 1471-1788 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2016.1271897

2016

O' Driscoll, C., Mason, O., Brady, F., Smith, B. and Steel, C. (2016) Process analysis of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy for individuals with schizophrenia. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 89 (2). pp. 117-132. ISSN 2044-8341 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12072

Steel, C. (2016) Cognitive emotion regulation as a mediator between posttraumatic stress symptoms and hypomanic personality within a non-clinical population. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44 (1). pp. 104-111. ISSN 1352-4658 doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465815000508

2015

Steel, C. (2015) Hallucinations as a trauma-based memory: implications for psychological interventions. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. 1262. ISSN 1664-1078 doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01262

Rathbone, C. J. and Steel, C. (2015) Autobiographical memory distributions for negative self-images: memories are organised around negative as well as positive aspects of identity. Memory, 23 (4). pp. 473-486. ISSN 0965-8211 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2014.906621

Steel, C., van der Gaag, M., Korrellboom, K., Simon, J., Phiri, P., Baksh, F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-8815, Wykes, T., Rose, D., Rose, S., Hardcastle, M., Enright, S., Evans, G. and Kingdon, D. (2015) A randomised controlled trial of positive memory training for the treatment of depression within schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry, 15. 85. ISSN 1476-1793 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0453-6

2014

Jones, V. and Steel, C. (2014) Examining vulnerability to involuntary memories in schizophrenia comorbid with post-traumatic stress disorder. Schizophrenia Research, 152 (2). pp. 487-489. ISSN 0920-9964 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.11.034

Matcham, F., Rayner, L., Hutton, J., Monk, A., Steel, C. and Hotopf, M. (2014) Self-help interventions for symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in patients with physical illnesses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 34 (2). pp. 141-157. ISSN 0272-7358 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.01.005

2013

Steel, C. and Wykes, T. (2013) The positive symptoms of schizophrenia. In: Castoguay, L. G. and Oltmanns, T. F. (eds.) Psychopathology: From Science to Clinical Practice. Guildford Press, New York, pp. 344-369. ISBN 9781462508037

Bebbington, P., McBride, O., Steel, C., Kuipers, E., Radovanovic, M., Brugha, T., Jenkins, R., Metzler, H. I. and Freeman, D. (2013) The structure of paranoia in the general population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 202 (6). pp. 419-427. ISSN 1472-1465 doi: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119032

Hardy, A., Smith, B., Gottlieb, J., Mueser, K. and Steel, C. (2013) CBT for post-traumatic stress disorder and psychosis. In: Steel, C. (ed.) CBT for Schizophrenia: Evidence Based Interventions and Future Directions. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 35-56. ISBN 978-0470712054

Steel, C. and Smith, B. (2013) CBT for psychosis: an overview. In: Steel, C. (ed.) CBT for Schizophrenia: Evidence Based Interventions and Future Directions. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 1-12. ISBN 9780470712061 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118330029.ch1

Steel, C., ed. (2013) CBT for schizophrenia: evidence based interventions and future directions. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford. ISBN 9780470712061

2012

Steel, C., Taylor, R. and Wykes, T. (2012) Psychological approaches to the management of persistent delusions and hallucinations. In: Castle, D., Copolov, D. L., Wykes, T. and Mueser, K. T. (eds.) Pharmacological and Psychosocial Treatments in Schizophrenia. 3rd Edition. Informa Healthcare, pp. 32-46. ISBN 9781842145340

Jones, V. and Steel, C. (2012) Schizotypal personality and vulnerability to involuntary autobiographical memories. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43 (3). pp. 871-876. ISSN 0005-7916 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.12.008

Dunn, G., Fowler, D., Rollinson, R., Freeman, D., Kuipers, E., Smith, B., Steel, C., Onwumere, J., Jolley, S., Garety, P. and Bebbington, P. (2012) Effective elements of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: results of a novel type of subgroup analysis based on principal stratification. Psychological Medicine, 42 (5). pp. 1057-1068. ISSN 1469-8978 doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711001954

Steel, C., Tarrier, N., Stahl, D. and Wykes, T. (2012) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for psychosis: the impact of therapist training and supervision. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 81 (3). pp. 194-195. ISSN 1423-0348 doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000334250

Marks, E. M., Steel, C. and Peters, E. R. (2012) Intrusions in trauma and psychosis: information processing and phenomenology. Psychological Medicine, 42 (11). 2313-2323 . ISSN 1469-8978 doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712000505

2011

Steel, C., Haddock, G., Tarrier, N., Picken, A. and Barrowclough, C. (2011) Auditory hallucinations and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder within schizophrenia and substance abuse. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 199 (9). pp. 709-711. ISSN 0022-3018 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e318229d6e8

2010

Peters, E., Landau, S., McCrone, P., Cooke, M., Fisher, P., Steel, C., Evans, R., Carswell, K., Dawson, K., Williams, S., Howard, A. and Kuipers, E. (2010) A randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis in a routine clinical service. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 122 (4). pp. 302-318. ISSN 0001-690X doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01572.x

Steel, C., Wykes, T., Ruddle, A., Smith, G., Shah, D. M. and Holmes, E. A. (2010) Can we harness computerised cognitive bias modification to treat anxiety in schizophrenia? A first step highlighting the role of mental imagery. Psychiatry Research, 178 (3). pp. 451-455. ISSN 0165-1781 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.042

Barrowclough, C., Haddock, G., Wykes, T., Beardmore, R., Conrod, P., Craig, T., Davies, L., Dunn, G., Eisner, E., Lewis, S., Moring, J., Steel, C. and Tarrier, N. (2010) Integrated motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy for people with psychosis and comorbid substance misuse: randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 341. c6325. ISSN 1468-5833 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c6325

2009

Smith, B. and Steel, C. (2009) 'Suspicion is my friend': cognitive behaviour therapy for post-traumatic persecutory delusions. In: Grey, N. (ed.) A Casebook of Cognitive Therapy for Traumatic Stress Reactions. Routledge, pp. 61-77. ISBN 9780415438025

Steel, C., Marzillier, S., Fearon, P. and Ruddle, A. (2009) Childhood abuse and schizotypal personality. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44 (11). pp. 917-923. ISSN 0933-7954 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0038-0

Onwumere, J., Kuipers, E., Gamble, C., Jolley, S., Smith, B., Rollinson, R., Steel, C., Fowler, D., Bebbington, P., Dunn, G., Freeman, D. and Garety, P. (2009) Family interventions in psychosis: a scale to measure therapist adherence. Journal of Family Therapy, 31 (3). pp. 270-283. ISSN 0163-4445 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2009.00466.x

2008

Wykes, T., Steel, C., Everitt, B. and Tarrier, N. (2008) Cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: effect sizes, clinical models, and methodological rigor. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34 (3). pp. 523-537. ISSN 0586-7614 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm114

Steel, C. (2008) Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: current evidence and future directions. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36 (6). pp. 705-712. ISSN 1352-4658 doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352465808004785

Rollinson, R., Smith, B., Steel, C., Jolley, S., Onwumere, J., Garety, P. A., Kuipers, E., Freeman, D., Bebbington, P. E., Dunn, G., Startup, M. and Fowler, D. (2008) Measuring adherence in CBT for psychosis: a psychometric analysis of an adherence scale. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36 (2). pp. 163-178. ISSN 1352-4658 doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465807003980

Steel, C., Mahmood, M. and Holmes, E.A. (2008) Positive schizotypy and trait dissociation as vulnerability factors for post-traumatic distress. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47 (2). pp. 245-249. ISSN 0144-6657 doi: https://doi.org/10.1348/014466507x255276

Steel, C., Wykes, T., Ruddle, A., Shah, D., Smith, G. and Holmes, E. (2008) The role of imagery within cognitive training for interpretation bias with schizophrenia. In: British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies Annual Conference, Edinburgh, UK.

2007

Steel, C., Hemsley, D. and Pickering, A. (2007) Associations between schizotypal personality traits and the facilitation and inhibition of the speed of contextually cued responses. Psychiatry Research, 150 (2). pp. 131-140. ISSN 0165-1781 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2006.08.010

Marzillier, S.L. and Steel, C. (2007) Positive schizotypy and trauma-related intrusions. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195 (1). pp. 60-64. ISSN 0022-3018 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000252383.28760.39

Steel, C., Holmes, E.A. and Wykes, T. (2007) The cognitive processes underlying the development of traumatic intrusions in psychosis. In: 11th International Congress on Schizophrenia Research, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.

Steel, C., Garety, P., Freeman, D., Craig, E., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P., Fowler, D. and Dunn, G. (2007) The multidimensional measurement of the positive symptoms of psychosis. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16 (2). pp. 88-96. ISSN 1049-8931 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.203

Steel, C. and Holmes, E.A. (2007) The role of involuntary memories in posttraumatic disorder and psychosis. In: Mace, J. (ed.) Involuntary memory. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 68-86. ISBN 9781405136372

2006

Fowler, D., Freeman, D., Steel, C., Hardy, A., Smith, B., Hackman , C., Kuipers, E., Garety, P. and Bebbington, P. (2006) The catastrophic interaction hypothesis: how do stress, trauma, emotion and information processing abnormalities lead to psychosis? In: Larkin, W. and Morrison, A. P. (eds.) Trauma and Psychosis: New Directions for Theory and Therapy. Routledge, pp. 101-124. ISBN 9781583918203

Smith, B., Steel, C., Rollinson, R., Freeman, D., Hardy, A., Kuipers, E., Bebbington, P., Garety, P. and Fowler, D. (2006) The importance of traumatic events in formulation and intervention in cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: three case examples. In: Larkin, W. and Morrison, A. P. (eds.) Trauma and Psychosis: New Directions for Theory and Therapy. Routledge, pp. 239-258. ISBN 9781583918203