Article

Barnett, T. P., Bengtsson, L., Arpe, K., Flugel, M., Graham, N., Latif, M., Ritchie, J., Roeckner, E., Schlese, U., Schulzweida, U. and Tyree, M. (1994) Forecasting global ENSO-related climate anomalies. Tellus Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 46 (4). pp. 381-397. ISSN 0280-6495 doi: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.1994.t01-3-00005.x

Bengtsson, L. (1994) Climate of the 21st Century. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 117. pp. 3-29. ISSN 0168-1923

Bengtsson, L. and Dümenil, L. (1994) Atmospheric Climate Modelling - A view of Current Activities at MPI Hamburg. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section A: Physical Sciences, 60 (3). pp. 561-592. ISSN 0369-8203 (print version), 2250-1762 (electronic version)

Bunse-Gerstner, A., Mehrmann, V. and Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 (1994) Regularization of descriptor systems by output feedback. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 39 (8). pp. 1742-1748. ISSN 0018-9286 doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/9.310065

Delecluse, P., Servain, J., Levy, C., Arpe, K. and Bengtsson, L. (1994) On the connection between the 1984 Atlantic warm event and the 1982-1983 ENSO. Tellus Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 46 (4). pp. 448-464. ISSN 0280-6495 doi: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.1994.t01-1-00009.x

Douglas, S. C., Harrison, D. M. and Shepherd, T. G. (1994) The physical pendulum in an advanced undergraduate course in mechanics. Computers in Physics, 8 (4). pp. 416-419. ISSN 0894-1866

Fox, N. J., Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172, Cowley, S. W. H., Freeman, M. P., Friis-Christensen, E., Milling, D. K., Pinnock, M. and Reeves, G. D. (1994) EISCAT observations of unusual flows in the morning sector associated with weak substorm activity. Annales Geophysicae, 12 (6). pp. 541-553. ISSN 1432-0576 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0541-2

Juckes, M. N., James, I. N. and Blackburn, M. (1994) The influence of Antarctica on the momentum budget of the southern extratropics. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 120 (518). pp. 1017-1044. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712051811

Latif, M., Stockdale, T., Wolff, J., Burgers, G., Maier-Reimer, E., Junge, M. M., Arpe, K. and Bengtsson, L. (1994) Climatology and variability in the ECHO coupled GCM. Tellus Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 46 (4). pp. 351-366. ISSN 0280-6495 doi: https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.1994.t01-3-00003.x

Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172 and Carlson, H. C. (1994) Reply to Comments on ‘Production of polar cap electron density patches by transient magnetopause reconnections’. Geophysical Research Letters, 21 (21). pp. 2337-2338. ISSN 00948276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/93GL03390

Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172 and Cowley, S. W. H. (1994) Comment on 'Ionospheric signatures of dayside magnetopause transients: A case study using satellite and ground measurements' by Denig et al. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99 (A3). pp. 4253-4255. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA02737

Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172 and Smith, M. F. (1994) Low and middle altitude cusp particle signatures for general magnetopause reconnection rate variations: 1. Theory. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99 (A5). 8531-8553,. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA03399

Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172, Cowley, S. W. H. and Smith, M. F. (1994) Comment on “B_y fluctuations in the magnetosheath and azimuthal flow velocity transients in the dayside ionosphere” by Newell and Sibeck. Geophysical Research Letters, 21 (17). pp. 1819-1820. ISSN 00948276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL01360

Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172, Cowley, S. W. H., Smith, M. F., Rijnbeek, R. P. and Elphic, R. C. (1994) The contribution of flux transfer events to convection. Geophysical Research Letters, 22 (10). pp. 1185-1188. ISSN 00948276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL01008

Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172, Onsager, T. G., Davis, C. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-5649, Smith, M. F. and Denig, W. F. (1994) The characteristics of the magnetopause reconnection X-line deduced from low-altitude satellite observations of cusp ions. Geophysical Research Letters, 21 (24). pp. 2757-2760. ISSN 0094-8276 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL02696

Merchant, C.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-9850, Renew, D.C. and Swanson, J. (1994) Exposures to power-frequency magnetic fields in the home. Journal of Radiological Protection, 14 (1). ISSN 1361-6498 doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/14/1/008

Merchant, C.J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-9850, Renew, D.C. and Swanson, J. (1994) Occupational exposures to power-frequency magnetic fields in the electricity supply industry. Journal of Radiological Protection, 14 (2). ISSN 1361-6498 doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/14/2/006

Moen, J., Sandholt, P. E., Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172, Egeland, A. and Fukui, K. (1994) Multiple, discrete arcs on sunward convecting field lines in the 14-15 MLT region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99 (A4). p. 6113. ISSN 0148-0227 doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/93JA03344

Mu, M. and Shepherd, T. G. (1994) Nonlinear stability of Eady's model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 51 (23). pp. 3427-3436. ISSN 1520-0469 doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<3427:NSOEM>2.0.CO;2

Mu, M. and Shepherd, T. G. (1994) On Arnol'd's second nonlinear stability theorem for two-dimensional quasi-geostrophic flow. Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, 75 (1). pp. 21-37. ISSN 0309-1929 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03091929408203645

Mu, M., Qingcun, Z., Shepherd, T. G. and Yongming, L. (1994) Nonlinear stability of multilayer quasi-geostrophic flow. Journal Of Fluid Mechanics, 264. pp. 165-184. ISSN 0022-1120 doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112094000625

Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 and Stringer, S.M. (1994) The state estimation of flow demands in gas networks from sparse pressure telemetry. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 16 (2). pp. 66-74. ISSN 0142-3312 doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/014233129401600203

Rosier, S., Lawrence, B. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9262-7860, Andrews, D. and Taylor, F. (1994) Dynamical evolution of the Northern stratosphere in early winter 1991-92, as observed by the improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder. Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 51 (20). pp. 2783-2799. doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2783:DEOTNS>2.0.CO;2

Ruth, S., Remedios, J., Lawrence, B. N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9262-7860 and Taylor, F. (1994) Measurements of N2O by the UARS improved stratospheric and mesospheric sounder during the early northern winter 1991/92. Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 51 (20). pp. 2818-2833. doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2818:MONBTI>2.0.CO;2

Slingo, J. M., Blackburn, M., Betts, A., Brugge, R., Hodges, K. I., Hoskins, B. J., Miller, M., Steenman-Clark, L. and Thuburn, J. (1994) Mean climate and transience in the tropics of the UGAMP GCM - sensitivity to convective parametrization. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 120 (518). pp. 881-922. ISSN 1477-870X doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712051807

Book or Report Section

Arpe, K., Bengtsson, L., Dümenil, L. and Roeckner, E. (1994) Impacts of the stratospheric QBO, soil moisture over Siberia and sea surface temperature on the variability of precipitation over India in the ECHAM3 model. In: Boer, G. J. (ed.) Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modeling. WMO/TD (592). World Meteorological Organisation, 7/36-7.38. (TD005787)

Arpe, K., Bengtsson, L., Dümenil, L. and Roeckner, E. (1994) The hydrological cycle in the ECHAM3 simulations of the atmospheric circulation. In: Desbois, M. and Desalmand, F. (eds.) Global precipitations and climate change. NATO ASI Series, 1 (26). NATO, pp. 361-377. ISBN 978-3-642-79270-0

Arpe, K., Dümenil, L., Bengtsson, L. and Giorgetta, M. (1994) Variability of the Indian monsoon in the ECHAM3 model, Part II: Sensitivity to sea surface temperatures of the northern Indian ocean, soil moisture over Eurasia and the stratospheric QBO. In: WCRP-84: Proceedings of the international conference on monsoon variability and prediction. WMO/TD (619). WMO.

Bell, S. J. G. and Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 (1994) Regularization of time-varying descriptor systems by the asvd. In: Lewis, J. (ed.) Proceedings of the 5th SIAM Conference on Applied Linear Algebra. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, pp. 172-176. ISBN 978-089871336-7

Bengtsson, L. (1994) Wie gut können wir das Klima mit einem numerischen Modell der allgemeinen Zirkulation simulieren? In: Observation und Simulation der Atmosphäre. Annalen der Meteorologie (29). Offenbach am Main. ISBN 9783881482967 (Symposium zur Einhundertjahrfeier des Meteorologischen Observatoriums Potsdam (May 6-7, 1993, Potsdam))

Bengtsson, L., Brühl, C., Crutzen, P., Dameris, M., Feichter, J., Grewe, V., Ponater, M., Roeckner, E., Sausen, R., Schlese, U. and Steil, B. (1994) Coupling of dynamical and chemical processes in a GCM. In: Boer, G. J. (ed.) Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modeling. WMO/TD (592). World Meteorological Organisation, 7.13-7.14.

Dümenil, L., Arpe, K. and Bengtsson, L. (1994) Variability of the Indian monsoon in the ECHAM3 model, Part I: MONEG and AMIP experiments. In: WCRP-84: Proceedings of the international conference on monsoon variability and prediction, Trieste, 1994. WMO/TD (619). World Meteorological Organisation, pp. 609-620.

Hilton, M., Lettington, A. H. and Mills, I. (1994) Remote gas detection and quantitative analysis from infrared emission spectra obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In: Flood, W.A. and Miller, W.B. (eds.) Atmospheric propagation and remote sensing (proceedings volume). The International Society for Optical Engineering, pp. 130-137. ISBN 9780819415264 doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.177976

Kautsky, J., Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 and Van Dooren, P. M. (1994) Robust pole assignment in linear state feedback. In: Patel, R. V., Laub, A. J. and Van Dooren, P. M. (eds.) Numerical Linear Algebra Techniques for Systems and Control. IEEE Press, pp. 333-356.

Littleboy, D. M. and Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 (1994) Using eigenstructure assignment for modal decoupling in aircraft problems. In: Lewis, J. (ed.) Applied Linear Algebra. SIAM: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, pp. 196-200.

May, W. and Bengtsson, L. (1994) On the Intra-Seasonal Variability within the Extratropics in a General Circulation Model and Observational Data. In: Shepherd, T. G., Derome, J. F. and Gutowski, W. J. (eds.) The Role of Large-scale, Extratropical Dynamics in Climate Change: Proceedings of the Seventeenth Stanstead Seminar Held at Bishop's University, Lennoxville, Québec, Canada, June 13-18, 1993. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, pp. 139-147, 219pp.

May, W. and Bengtsson, L. (1994) A Wavenumber-Frequency Analysis of the Midlatitude Geopotential Height Field: Model versus Observation. In: Boer, G. J. (ed.) CAS/JSC Working Group Numerical Experimentation, Report No.19. World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, 2.16-2.17.

Neylon, K. J., Baines, M. J. and Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 (1994) Bi-CGSTAB for advection dominated problems. In: Lewis, J. G. (ed.) Proc. of the Fifth SIAM Conference on Applied Linear Algebra. SIAM, pp. 439-443.

Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 (1994) Differential-algebraic equations and control system design. In: Griffith, D. F. and Watson, G. A. (eds.) Numerical Analysis - 1993. Longman Scientific and Technical, pp. 208-224. ISBN 978-047023385-6

Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 and Stringer, S. M. (1994) Observer design for descriptor systems with application to gas dynamical networks. In: Helmke, U., Mennicken, R. and Saurer, J. (eds.) Systems and Networks: Mathematical Theory and Applications. Akademie Verlag, pp. 377-380.

Pratt, R. W., Faleiro, L. F. and Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 (1994) Longitudinal instrument landing system design using both eigenstructure assignment and classical techniques. In: Proceedings of IMC Symposium on Applications of Multivariable System Techniques. Institute of Measurement and Control, pp. 11-22.

Report

Greenhow, M. and Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220, (1994) The use of time-domain models for control of OWCs. Project Report. The University of Reading pp13. (Paper 4 of CEC DG XII JOULE Wave Energy Initiative: Wave Energy Converters - Generic Technical Evaluation Study: Annex Report B1 - Device Fundamentals/Hydrodynamics)

Manzini, E. and Bengtsson, L., (1994) Stratospheric climate and variability from a general circulation model and observations. Part I: Results for the December-February season. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie Report Series. 148. Technical Report. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg. pp38.

Conference or Workshop Item

Dainton, M., Goldwater, M. and Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 (1994) Direct solution of reservoir flow equations with uncertain parameters. In: the Fourth European Conference on the Mathematics of Oil Recovery, 1994, pp. 1-15.

Faleirot, L. F., Pratt, R. W. and Nichols, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-5220 (1994) A comparison between classical techniques and eigenstructure assignment in the design of a longitudinal instrument landing system. In: IEE Colloquium on Multivariable Methods for Flight Control Applications, 1994-05-25, London, UK, 1/1-1/3.

Fox, N.J., Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172, Cowley, S.W.H., Davda, V.N., Enno, G., Friis-Christensen, E., Greenwald, R.A., Kivelson, M., Lester, M., Lühr, H., Milling, D.K., Murphree, J.S., Pinnock, M. and Reeves, G.D. (1994) A comparison of Freja auroral images with substorm cycle observations. In: Second International Conference on Substorms, March 7-11, 1994, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A., pp. 421-428. (Substorms 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Substorms. editors: J. R. Kan, J. D. Craven, S.-I. Akasofu)

Lelieveld, J. and Bengtsson, L. (1994) Study of the Indirect and Direct Climate Influences of Anthropogenic Trace Gas Emissions (Sindicate). In: Global Change: Climate Change and Climate Change Impacts, 6-10 September 1993, Copenhagen, pp. 87-99.

Lockwood, M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7397-2172 (1994) Ionospheric Signatures of Pulsed Magnetopause Reconnection. In: NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Physical Signatures of Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Processes, 9-14 May 1993, Hönefoss, Norway, pp. 229-243. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1052-5_16 (in "Physical Signatures of Magnetospheric Boundary Layer Processes", Proc. NATO Advanced Study Institute, NATO ASI Series Volume 425, 1994)