Abstract/Summary

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the world as we know it, impacting all aspects of modern society, basically due to the advances in computer power, data availability, and AI algorithms. The dairy sector is also on the move, from the exponential growth in AI research, to ready to use AI-based products, this new evolution to Dairy 4.0 represents a potential “game-changer” for the dairy sector, to afront challenges regarding sustainability, welfare, and profitability. To explore this possibility this research reflection, discusses the main drivers in the field of AI, from the origins, challenges, and opportunities. Further, we present a multidimensional vision considering factors that are not commonly considered in dairy research, such as geopolitical aspects and legal regulations that can have an impact on the application of AI in the dairy sector. This is just the beginning of the third tide of AI, and a future is still ahead. For now, the current advances in AI at on-farm level seem limited and based on the revised data, we believe that AI can be a “game-changer” only if AI is integrated with other components of Dairy 4.0 such as robotics and is fully adopted by dairy farmers.