Abstract/Summary

Underrepresentation of women at decision and policy-making level within corporations is virulent in its impact on all corners of society: in a business context, women are impacted directly as workers and consumers, and indirectly as a consequence of corporate and state-led actions. Gender gaps, seen in the pay gap, pensions gap and insurance gap, proliferate at the hands of corporate actors. Increased reporting requirements and comply or explain models signal positive development in achieving parity in pay, but slow progress continues to impact the world economy. The impact of such gaps is often sinister, representing a space in which economic independence becomes impossible for many. Often it is charitable organisations or social security measures that step in to fill the gaps, but gaps must be addressed at source. Women, as natural risk managers, find themselves at risk, and the insurance gap demonstrates a failure of the market to protect as required. Health and safety of women is also exposed by corporate actions, in direct worker-related and consumer policies. Representation of women on the board and at corporate policymaking level, and adequate corporate culture and training, is critical in upholding corporate social responsibility and the protection of women.