Agarwal, Sabrina C. “The Bioethics of Skeletal Anatomy Collections from India.” Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024): 1692. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45738-6.
Agarwal, Sabrina C. “The Disposability and Inclusion of Brown Bodies.” American Journal of Biological Anthropology 186, no. 1 (2025): e25003. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.25003.
Alliance to Reduce Crime Against Heritage, National Police Chiefs’ Council, Crown Prosecution Service, Historic England, Cadw and Department of the Environment. Heritage Crime: A Guide for Law Enforcement Officers. Welwyn Garden City: Hertfordshire Constabulary, 2016.
Bentley, Oscar. “MP Calls for Ban on Auction Sales of Human Remains”. BBC News, November 20, 2024. Accessed December 19, 2024. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cm2zpx3gkelo.
Berry, Jonathan. “The Development of Heritage Crime Policy and Practice in Wales”. The Archaeologist 122 (2024): 10-12. doi: 10.11588/cifatamag.2024.1.105516.
Blue Shield International. “OSCE Heritage Crime Task Force Partnership Continues.” Blue Shield International, December 19, 2023. Accessed December 23, 2024. https://theblueshield.org/osce-illicit-trafficking-workshop-partnership-continues/.
British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology. “Trading and Sale of Human Remains Task Force.” British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology. Accessed December 6, 2024. https://babao.org.uk/about/our-people/trading-and-sale-of-human-remains-sub-group/.
Burford, Rachael. “Deputy PM Angela Rayner Vows Meeting Over ‘Troubling’ Cases of Human Remains Being Sold on Instagram.” MSN News, November 20, 2024. Accessed December 19, 2024. https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/uknews/deputy-pm-angela-rayner-vows-meeting-over-troubling-cases-of-human-remains-being-sold-on-instagram/ar-AA1uqLYh.
Burial Act, 1857, section 25 (England). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/20-21/81.
Calvey, David. “Covert Ethnography in Criminology: A Submerged Yet Creative Tradition.” Current Issues in Criminal Justice 25, no. 1 (2013): 541-550. doi: 10.1080/10345329.2013.12035980.
Chisholm, Johanna. “FedEx Mocked Over Twitter Apology for Losing Package with Human Remains Three Years Ago.” Independent, July 18, 2022. Accessed March 12, 2025. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/fedex-human-remains-twitter-bot-b2125839.html.
Cultural Property (Armed Conflicts) Act, 2017 (United Kingdom). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/6.
Customs and Excise Management Act, 1979 (United Kingdom). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1979/2.
Davidson, Katherine, Shawn Graham, and Damien Huffer. “A Protocol for When Social Media Goes Private: Studying Archaeological or Heritage Discourses in Closed Facebook Groups”. Internet Archaeology 67 (2024). doi: 10.11141/ia.67.11.
Davies, Caroline. “UK Auction House Cancels ‘Disrespectful’ Sale of Shrunken Heads and Skulls.” The Guardian, October 9, 2024. Accessed December 23, 2024. https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2024/oct/09/uk-auction-house-cancels-sale-of-shrunken-heads-and-skulls.
Dealing in Cultural Objects (Offences) Act, 2003 (United Kingdom). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/27.
Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Guidance for the Care of Human Remains in Museums. London: Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2005.
Fry, Julian. “Heritage Crime: A Police Officer’s Experience”. The Archaeologist 122 (2024): 15-17. doi: 10.11588/cifatamag.2024.1.105519.
Graham, Shawn, Katherine Davidson, and Damien Huffer. “Behind Closed Doors: The Human Remains Trade Within Private Facebook Groups.” Internet Archaeology 67 (2024). doi: 10.11141/ia67.14.
Graham, Shawn, Damien Huffer, and Jaime Simons. “When TikTok Discovered the Human Remains Trade: A Case Study”. Open Archaeology 8 (2022). doi: 10.1515/opar-2022-0235.
Gudge, Ethan. “Shrunken Heads Withdrawn From Auction After Backlash”. BBC News, October 9, 2024. Accessed December 19, 2024. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cy4dwg0e0m2o.
Historic England. Heritage Crime Prevention: Advice For Those Who Care For Heritage Assets. Swindon: Historic England, 2023a.
Historic England. Heritage Crime Risk Assessment. Swindon: Historic England, 2023b.
Historic England. Heritage Crime Interventions: Prosecution and Alternative Disposals. Swindon: Historic England, 2023c.
Home Office. Crime Recording Rules for Front Line Officers and Staff 2024/25. London: Home Office, 2024.
Huffer, Damien, and Nathan Charlton. “Serious Enquiries Only, Please: Ethical Issues Raised by the Online Human Remains Trade”, In Ethical Approaches to Human Remains: A Global Challenge in Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology, edited by Kirsty Squires, David Errickson and Nicholas Márquez-Grant, 95-129. Cham: Springer, 2019.
Huffer, Damien, and Shawn Graham. These Were People Once: The Online Trade of Human Remains and Why It Matters. New York: Berghahn, 2023.
Huffer, Damien, Shawn Graham, Tom Brughmans, and Jaime Simons. “‘Alleen voor Studiedoeleinden’ (For Study Purposes Only): The Human Remains Trade on Marketplaats.nl. Anthropologica et Praehistorica 131 (2022): 37-53. doi: 10.57937/ap.2022.008.
Human Tissue Act, 2004 (England, Wales and Northern Ireland). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/30.
Human Tissue (Scotland) Act, 2006 (Scotland). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2006/4.
Huskisson, Sophie. “Horror as Foetal Skeletons and Real Human Bones Could be Sold on Instagram, eBay and Etsy”. Mirror, November 20, 2024. Accessed December 19, 2024. https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/horror-foetal-skeletons-real-human-34150465.
Interpol. “Cultural Heritage Crime”. Interpol. Accessed December 23, 2024. https://www.interpol.int/en/Crimes/Cultural-heritage-crime.
Jones, David Gareth. “Anatomists’ Uses of Human Skeletons: Ethical Issues Associated with the India Bone Trade and Anonymized Archival Collections.” Anatomical Sciences Education 16, no. 4 (2023): 610-617. doi: 10.1002/ase.2280.
Kendall Adams, Geraldine. “English Heritage Trials Body-Worn Cameras Amid Rising Heritage Crime”. Museums Journal, March 21, 2024. Accessed December 6, 2024. https://www.museumsassociation.org/museums-journal/news/2024/03/english-heritage-trials-body-worn-cameras-amid-rising-heritage-crime/.
Kennedy, Ian. The Report of the Public Inquiry into Children’s Heart Surgery at the British Royal Infirmary 1984-1995: Learning from Bristol. London: The British Royal Infirmary Inquiry, 2001.
Kumar, Sanjay. “Indian Tribes Renew Efforts to Repatriate Ancestral Skulls from UK Collections”, Arab News, December 3, 2024. Accessed December 19, 2024. https://arab.news/ckd7j.
Low, Jordan, and Emily Freeman. “Heritage Crime: The Approach in Scotland”. The Archaeologist 122 (2024): 9. doi: 10.11588/cifatamag.2024.1.105511.
MacDonald, Helen. “Procuring Corpses: The English Anatomy Inspectorate, 1842-1858”. Medical History 53, no. 3 (2009): 379-396. doi: 10.1017/S0025727300003987.
Marzano, Marco. “The Ethics of Covert Ethnographic Research”, In The Palgrave Handbook of Ethics in Critical Research, edited by Catriona Ida Macleod, Jacqueline Marx, Phindezwa Mnyaka and Gareth J. Treharne, 399-413. Cham: Palgrave MacMillan, 2018.
McLean, Sheila A.M., Alastair Campbell, Kerry Gutridge, and Helen Harper. “Human Tissue Legislation and Medical Practice: A Benefit or a Burden”. Medical Law International 8, no. 1 (2006): 1-21. doi: 10.1177/096853320600800101.
Paul, Katie A. “Ancient Artifacts vs. Digital Artifacts: New Tools for Unmasking the Sale of Illicit Antiquities on the Dark Web”. Arts 7, no. 2 (2018): 12. doi: 10.3390/arts7020012.
Pester, Peter. “Grave Robbing is Feeding a Macabre Market Currently Booming in the UK”. Live Science, October 7, 2022. Accessed December 23, 2024. https://www.livescience.com/grave-robbing-for-uk-human-remains-trade.
Pester, Patrick. “UK Auction House Pulls Human Remains and Signed Jimmy Saville Photo: Everything I Know”. Patrick Pester, October 12, 2024. Accessed December 19, 2024. https://www.patrickpester.com/post/uk-auction-house-pulls-human-remains-and-signed-jimmy-savile-photo-everything-i-know.
Post Office. “Prohibited and Restricted Items”. Post Office. Accessed December 13, 2024. https://www.postoffice.co.uk/mail/what-can-i-send.
Press Trust of India. “Nagaland Chief Minister Urges Centre to Help Stop UK Auction of ‘Naga Human Skull’”. NDTV, October 8, 2024. Accessed March 28, 2025. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nagaland-chief-minister-urges-centre-to-help-stop-uk-auction-of-naga-human-skull-6746962.
Proceeds of Crime Act, 2002 (United Kingdom). https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/29.
Redfern, Michael, Jean W. Keeling, and Elizabeth Powell. The Royal Liverpool Children’s Inquiry Report. Norwich, The Stationary Office, 2001.
Ribeiro-Addy, Bell. “End the Depraved Sale of Human Remains (20th November 2024). Bell Ribeiro-Addy. Accessed December 19, 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYDO-fppxcM.
Richards, Stephanie. “Calls for Crackdown on ‘Commodification of the Dead’”. ABC News, October 11, 2024. Accessed December 23, 2024. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-10-12/remains-for-sale-commodification-of-the-dead/104463822.
Rivera, Mark. “Family Sues After Father’s Remains Allegedly Thrown in Trash During Shipping”. ABC7 Eyewitness News, February 20, 2019. Accessed March 12, 2025. https://abc7chicago.com/shipping-human-remains-ashes-ups-usps/5147324/.
Sarkar, Alisha Rahaman. “Oxfordshire Action House Halts Sale of Horned Human Skull After Outcry From Tribal Community.” The Independent, October 9, 2024. Accessed December 23, 2024. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/naga-human-skull-auction-backlash-b2626323.html.
Stringham, Oliver C., Jacob Maher, Charlotte R. Lassaline, Lisa Wood, Stephanie Moncayo, Adam Toomes, Sarah Heinrich, et al. “The Dark Web Trades Wildlife, But Mostly For Use as Drugs”. People and Nature 5, no. 3 (2023): 999-1009. doi: 10.1002/pan3.10469.
Tidball-Binz, Morris. Protection of the Dead. Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions. Geneva: United Nations, 2024.
Turnbull, Paul. “Collecting and Colonial Violence.” In The Routledge Companion to Indigenous Repatriation, edited by Cressida Fforde, C. Timothy McKeown and Honor Keeler, 452-468. Abingdon: Routledge, 2020.
Vannan, Alastair and Pier Matteo. “Heritage Crime and Forensic Archaeology: An Integrative Approach.” The Archaeologist 122 (2024): 21-23. doi: 10.11588/cifatamag.2024.1.105521.