Investigation of tin-based alternatives for cadmium in optoelectronic thin-films materialsWakeham, S., Hawkins, G., Henderson, G. and Carthey, N. (2008) Investigation of tin-based alternatives for cadmium in optoelectronic thin-films materials. Applied Optics, 47 (13). C206-C213. ISSN 0003-6935 Full text not archived in this repository. It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from this work. See Guidance on citing. To link to this item DOI: 10.1364/AO.47.00C206 Abstract/SummaryIncreasing legislation has steadily been introduced throughout the world to restrict the use of heavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in high temperature pigments, ceramics, and optoelectronic material applications. Removal of cadmium from thin-film optical and semiconductor device applications has been hampered by the absence of viable alternatives that exhibit similar properties with stability and durability. We describe a range of tin-based compounds that have been deposited and characterized in terms of their optical and mechanical properties and compare them with existing cadmium-based films that currently find widespread use in the optoelectronic and semiconductor industries. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America.
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