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Investigating music tempo as a feedback mechanism for closed-loop BCI control

Daly, I., Williams, D., Hwang, F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3243-3869, Kirke, A., Malik, A., Roesch, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8913-4173, Weaver, J., Miranda, E. and Nasuto, S. (2014) Investigating music tempo as a feedback mechanism for closed-loop BCI control. Brain-Computer Interfaces, 1 (3-4). pp. 158-169. ISSN 2326-263X

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To link to this item DOI: 10.1080/2326263X.2014.979728

Abstract/Summary

The feedback mechanism used in a brain-computer interface (BCI) forms an integral part of the closed-loop learning process required for successful operation of a BCI. However, ultimate success of the BCI may be dependent upon the modality of the feedback used. This study explores the use of music tempo as a feedback mechanism in BCI and compares it to the more commonly used visual feedback mechanism. Three different feedback modalities are compared for a kinaesthetic motor imagery BCI: visual, auditory via music tempo, and a combined visual and auditory feedback modality. Visual feedback is provided via the position, on the y-axis, of a moving ball. In the music feedback condition, the tempo of a piece of continuously generated music is dynamically adjusted via a novel music-generation method. All the feedback mechanisms allowed users to learn to control the BCI. However, users were not able to maintain as stable control with the music tempo feedback condition as they could in the visual feedback and combined conditions. Additionally, the combined condition exhibited significantly less inter-user variability, suggesting that multi-modal feedback may lead to more robust results. Finally, common spatial patterns are used to identify participant-specific spatial filters for each of the feedback modalities. The mean optimal spatial filter obtained for the music feedback condition is observed to be more diffuse and weaker than the mean spatial filters obtained for the visual and combined feedback conditions.

Item Type:Article
Refereed:Yes
Divisions:Interdisciplinary Research Centres (IDRCs) > Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics (CINN)
Life Sciences > School of Biological Sciences > Department of Bio-Engineering
ID Code:39817
Uncontrolled Keywords:brain-computer interfaces (BCI); music feedback; visual feedback; music tempo; electroencephalogram (EEG); motor imagery
Publisher:Taylor & Francis.

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