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Characterization of para-Nitrophenol-degrading bacterial communities in river water by using functional markers and stable isotope probing

Kowalczyk, A., Eyice, Ö., Schäfer, H., Price, O. R., Finnegan, C. J., van Egmond, R. A., Shaw, L. J., Barrett, G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-0179 and Bending, G. D. (2015) Characterization of para-Nitrophenol-degrading bacterial communities in river water by using functional markers and stable isotope probing. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 81 (19). pp. 6890-6900. ISSN 0099-2240

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To link to this item DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01794-15

Abstract/Summary

Microbial degradation is a major determinant of the fate of pollutants in the environment. para-Nitrophenol (PNP) is an EPA listed priority pollutant with a wide environmental distribution, but little is known about the microorganisms that degrade it in the environment. We studied the diversity of active PNP-degrading bacterial populations in river water using a novel functional marker approach coupled with [13C6]PNP stable isotope probing (SIP). Culturing together with culture-independent terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons identified Pseudomonas syringae to be the major driver of PNP degradation in river water microcosms. This was confirmed by SIP-pyrosequencing of amplified 16S rRNA. Similarly, functional gene analysis showed that degradation followed the Gram-negative bacterial pathway and involved pnpA from Pseudomonas spp. However, analysis of maleylacetate reductase (encoded by mar), an enzyme common to late stages of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial PNP degradation pathways, identified a diverse assemblage of bacteria associated with PNP degradation, suggesting that mar has limited use as a specific marker of PNP biodegradation. Both the pnpA and mar genes were detected in a PNP-degrading isolate, P. syringae AKHD2, which was isolated from river water. Our results suggest that PNP-degrading cultures of Pseudomonas spp. are representative of environmental PNP-degrading populations.

Item Type:Article
Refereed:Yes
Divisions:Science > School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science > Department of Geography and Environmental Science
Interdisciplinary centres and themes > Soil Research Centre
ID Code:45164
Publisher:American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Statement:ASM provides free access to full-text articles 6 months after the final version is published in an issue of one of the 9 primary research journals.

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