Parameterization of directional absorption of orographic gravity waves and its impact on the atmospheric general circulation simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting Model

Lists

Tools

Xu, X., Xue, M., Teixeira, M. A. C., Tang, J. and Wang, Y. (2019) Parameterization of directional absorption of orographic gravity waves and its impact on the atmospheric general circulation simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 76 (11). pp. 3435-3453. ISSN 1520-0469

Preview

Text - Accepted Version
· Please see our End User Agreement before downloading.
12MB

It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from this work. See Guidance on citing.

To link to this item DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-18-0365.1

Abstract/Summary

In this work, a new parameterization scheme is developed to account for the directional absorption of orographic gravity waves (OGWs) using elliptical mountain wave theory. The vertical momentum transport of OGWs is addressed separately for waves with different orientations through decomposition of the total wave momentum flux (WMF) into individual wave components. With the new scheme implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the impact of directional absorption of OGWs on the general circulation in boreal winter is studied for the first time. The results show that directional absorption can change the vertical distribution of OGW forcing, while maintaining the total column-integrated forcing. In general, directional absorption inhibits wave breaking in the lower troposphere, producing weaker orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) there and transporting more WMF upwards. This is because directional absorption can stabilize OGWs by reducing the local wave amplitude. Owing to the increased WMF from below, the OGWD in the upper troposphere at midlatitudes is enhanced. However, in the stratosphere of mid-to-high latitudes, the OGWD is still weakened due to greater directional absorption occurring there. Changes in the distribution of midlatitude OGW forcing are found to weaken the tropospheric jet locally and enhance the stratospheric polar night jet remotely. The latter occurs as the adiabatic warming (associated with the OGW-induced residual circulation) is increased at midlatitudes and suppressed at high latitudes, giving rise to stronger thermal contrast. Resolved waves are likely to contribute to the enhancement of polar stratospheric winds as well, because their upward propagation into the high-latitude stratosphere is suppressed.

Item Type:	Article
Refereed:	Yes
Divisions:	Science > School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences > Department of Meteorology
ID Code:	85632
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Gravity wave drag, Atmospheric general circulation, Vertical wind shear, wave momentum flux
Publisher:	American Meteorological Society

Download Statistics

Downloads

Downloads per month over past year

Altmetric

Deposit Details

References

Alexander, M. J., and H. Teitelbaum, 2011: Three-dimensional properties of Andes mountain waves observed by satellite: A case study, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 116, D23110, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016151. Alexander, M. J., and coauthors, 2010: Recent developments in gravity-wave effects in climate models and the global distribution of gravity-wave momentum flux from observations and models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 136, 1103–1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.637. Andrews, D. G., J. R. Holton, and C. B. Leovy, 1987: Middle Atmosphere Dynamics. Academic Press, 489 pp. Beljaars, A. C. M., 1994: The parameterization of surface fluxes in large-scale models under free convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 255–270, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712152203. Booker, J. R., and F. P. Bretherton, 1967: The critical layer for internal gravity waves in a shear flow, J. Fluid Mech., 27, 513–539, https://doi.org/10.101 /S0022112067000515. Broad, A. S., 1995: Linear theory of momentum fluxes in 3-D flows with turning of the mean wind with height, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1891–1902, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712152806. Calvo, N., Garcia, R. R., and D. E. Kinnison, 2017: Revisiting Southern Hemisphere polar stratospheric temperature trends in WACCM: The role of dynamical forcing. Geophy. Res. Lett., 44 3402–3410, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072792. Accepted for publication in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI10.1175/JAS-D-18-0365.1. Choi, H.-J., and S.-Y. Hong, 2015: An updated subgrid orographic parameterization for global atmospheric forecast models, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 12,445–12,457, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024230. Choi, H.‐J., Choi, S.‐J., Koo, M.‐S., Kim, J.‐E., Kwon, Y. C., and S.‐Y. Hong, 2017: Effects of parameterized orographic drag on weather forecasting and simulated climatology over East Asia during boreal summer. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 10669–10678, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026696. Cohen, N. Y., Edwin P. G., and B. Oliver, 2013: Compensation between resolved and unresolved wave driving in the stratosphere: Implications for downward control. J. Atmos. Sci., 70, 3780–3798, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-0346.1. Eckermann, S. D., J. Ma, and D. Broutman, 2015: Effects of horizontal geometrical spreading on the parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag. Part I: Numerical transform 625 solutions, J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 2330–2347, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-14-0147.1. Edmon, H. J., B. J. Hoskins, and M. E. McIntyre, 1980: Eliassen-Palm cross sections for the troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2600-2616, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<2600:EPCSFT>2.0.CO;2. Ehard, B., and Coauthors, 2017: Vertical propagation of large-amplitude mountain waves in the vicinity of the polar night jet, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 1423–1436, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025621. Eliassen, A., and E. Palm, 1961: On the transfer of energy in stationary mountain waves. Geofysiske Publikasjoner, 22, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49707934103. Accepted for publication in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI10.1175/JAS-D-18-0365.1. Fritts, D. C., and M. J. Alexander, 2003: Gravity wave 634 dynamics and effects in the middle atmosphere, Rev. Geophys., 41, 1003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001RG000106. Garcia, R. R., Smith, A. K., Kinnison, D. E., de la Cámara, A., and D. J. Murphy, 2017: Modification of the gravity wave parameterization in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model: Motivation and results. J. Atmos. Sci., 74, 275–291, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0104.1 Geller, M., Alexander, M. J., Love, P., Bacmeister, J., Ern, M., Hertzog, A., Manzini, E., Preusse, P., Sato, K., Scaife, A., and Zhou, T., 2013: A Comparison between gravity wave 642 momentum fluxes in observations and climate models. J. Climate, 26, 6383–6405, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00545.1 Gradshteyn, I. S., and I. M. Ryzhik, 2007: Table of Integrals, Series, and Products. Academic Press, Seventh Edition, 1171 pp. Haynes, P. H., C. J. Marks, M. E. McIntyre, T. G. Shepherd, and K. P. Shine, 1991: On the “downward control” of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 651–678, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-649 0469(1991)048<0651:OTCOED>2.0.CO;2. Hindley, N. P., Wright, C. J., Smith, N. D., and Mitchell, N. J., 2015: The southern stratospheric gravity wave hot spot: individual waves and their momentum fluxes measured by COSMIC GPS-RO, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7797–7818, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7797-2015. Accepted for publication in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI10.1175/JAS-D-18-0365.1. Hong, S.-Y., J. Dudhia, and S. Chen, 2004: A revised approach to ice microphysical processes for the bulk parameterization of clouds and precipitation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 103–120, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0103:ARATIM>2.0.CO;2. Hong, S.- Y., Y. Noh, and J. Dudhia, 2006: A new vertical diffusion package with an explicit treatment of entrainment processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 2318–2341, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3199.1. Hong, S.‐Y., Choi, J., Chang, E.‐C., Park, H., and Y.‐J. Kim, 2008: Lower‐tropospheric enhancement of gravity wave drag in a global spectral atmospheric forecast model. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 523–531, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007waf2007030.1. Hurrell, J. W., and Coauthors, 2013: The Community Earth System Model: A framework for collaborative research. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 1339–1360, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00121.1 Iacono, M. J., J. S. Delamere, E. J. Mlawer, M. W. Shephard, S. A. Clough, and W. D. Collins, 2008: Radiative forcing by long–lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER 668 radiative transfer models. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 113, D13103, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009944. Kalisch, S., Preusse, P., Ern, M., Eckermann, S. D., and M. Riese, 2014: Differences in gravity wave drag between realistic oblique and assumed vertical propagation. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 10081–10099, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021779. Kim, Y.‐J., and A. Arakawa, 1995: Improvement of orographic gravity wave parameterization using a mesoscale gravity wave model. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1875–1902, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520‐0469(1995)052<1875:IOOGWP>2.0.CO;2. Accepted for publication in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI10.1175/JAS-D-18-0365.1. Kim, Y. -J., and J. D. Doyle, 2005: Extension of an orographic-drag parameterization scheme to incorporate orographic anisotropy and flow blocking, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 1893–1921, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.160. Kim, Y.‐J., and S.‐Y. Hong, 2009: Interaction between the orography‐induced gravity wave drag and boundary layer processes in a global atmospheric model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L12809, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL037146. Kim, Y. -J., S. D. Eckermann, and H. Y. Chun, 2003: An overview of the past, present and future of gravity-wave drag parametrization for numerical climate and weather prediction models. Atmos.– Ocean, 41, 65–98, https://doi.org/10.3137/ao.410105. Kruse, C. G., R. B. Smith, and S. D. Eckermann, 2016: The mid-latitude lower-stratospheric mountain wave “valve layer”, J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 5081–5100, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS687D-16-0173.1. Lindzen, R. S., 1981: Turbulence and stress owing to gravity wave and tidal breakdown. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 86, 9707–9714, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC086iC10p09707. Lott, F., 1999: Alleviation of stationary biases in a GCM through a mountain drag parametrization scheme and a simple representation of mountain lift forces. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 788-801, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<0788:AOSBIA>2.0.CO;2 Lott, F., and M. Miller, 1997: A new sub-grid orographic drag parameterization: Its formulation and testing, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 101–127, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712353704. Martin, A., and F. Lott, 2007: Synoptic responses to mountain gravity waves encountering directional critical levels. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 828-848, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3873.1 Accepted for publication in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI10.1175/JAS-D-18-0365.1. McFarlane, N. A., 1987: The effect of orographically excited gravity wave drag on the general circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci, 44, 1775– 700 1800, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520‐0469(1987)044<1775:teooeg>2.0.co;2. McLandress, C., and T. G. Shepherd, 2009: Simulated anthropogenic changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation, including its extension to high latitudes, J. Climate, 22, 1516–1540, https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2679.1. McLandress, C., T. G. Shepherd, S. Polavaparu, and S. R. Beagley, 2012: Is missing orographic gravity wave drag near 60°S the cause of the stratospheric zonal wind biases in chemistry–climate models? J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 802–818, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-11-0159.1. Palmer, T. N., G. J. Shutts, and R. Swinbank, 1986: Alleviation of systematic westerly bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parameterization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 1001–1039, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711247406. Phillips, D. S., 1984: Analytical surface pressure and drag for linear hydrostatic flow over three dimensional elliptical mountains, J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1073–1084, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041,1073:ASPADF.2.0.CO;2. Pithan, F., Shepherd, T. G., Zappa, G., and I. Sandu, 2016: Missing orographic drag leads to climate model biases in jet streams, blocking and storm tracks. Geophy. Res. Lett., 43, 7231–7240, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069551. Pulido, M., and C. Rodas, 2011: A higher-order ray approximation applied to orographic waves: Gaussian beam approximation, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 46–60, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3468.1. Accepted for publication in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI10.1175/JAS-D-18-0365.1. Pulido, M., and J. Thuburn, 2005: Gravity‐wave drag estimation from global analyses using variational data assimilation principles. I: Theory and implementation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 131, 1821–1840, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.116. Richardson, M. I., A. D. Toigo, and C. E. Newman, 2007: Planet WRF: A General Purpose, Local to Global Numerical Model for Planetary Atmosphere and Climate Dynamics, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 112, E09001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JE002825. Sandu, I., P. Bechtold, A. Beljaars, A. Bozzo, F. Pithan, T. G. Shepherd, and A. Zadra, 2016: Impacts of parameterized orographic drag on the Northern Hemisphere winter circulation, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 8, 196–211, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015MS000564. Scheffler, G., and M. Pulido, 2017: Estimation of gravity‐wave parameters to alleviate the delay in the Antarctic vortex breakup in general circulation models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 143, 2157–2167, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3074. Scinocca, J. F., and N. A. McFarlane, 2000: The parametrization of drag induced by stratified flow over anisotropic orography, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 2353–2393, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712656802. Shepherd, T. G., 2014: Atmospheric circulation as a source of uncertainty in climate change projections, Nat. Geosci., 7, 703–708, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2253. Shin, H. H., S.-Y. Hong, J. Dudhia, and Y.-J. Kim, 2010: Orography-induced gravity wave drag parameterization in the global WRF: Implementation and sensitivity to shortwave radiation schemes. Adv. Meteor., 2010, 959014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/959014. Accepted for publication in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI10.1175/JAS-D-18-0365.1. Shutts, G., 1995: Gravity-wave drag parameterization over complex terrain: The effect of critical level absorption in directional wind-shear. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121, 1005–1021, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712152504. Sigmond, M., and J. F. Scinocca, 2010: The influence of the basic state on the Northern Hemisphere circulation response to climate change. J. Climate, 23, 1434–1446, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI3167.1 Sigmond, M., and T. G. Shepherd, 2014: Compensation between resolved wave driving and parameterized orographic gravity wave driving of the Brewer–Dobson circulation and its response to climate change. J. Climate, 27, 5601–5610, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-749 13-00644.1. Smith, A. K., N. M. Pedatella, D. R. Marsh, and T. Matsuo, 2017: On the dynamical control of the mesosphere–lower thermosphere by the lower and middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 74, 933–947, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0226.1 Teixeira, M. A. C., and P. M. A. Miranda, 2006: A linear model of gravity wave drag for hydrostatic sheared flow over elliptical mountains. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 132, 2439–2458, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.05.220. Teixeira, M. A. C., and P. M. A. Miranda, 2009: On the momentum fluxes associated with mountain waves in directionally sheared flows, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 3419–3433, https://doi.org/ 10.1175/2009JAS3065.1. Teixeira, M. A. C., and C. L. Yu, 2014: The gravity wave momentum flux in hydrostatic flow with directional shear over elliptical mountains. European Journal of Mechanics & Fluids B: Fluids, 47, 16-31, https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.euromechflu.2014.02.004. Accepted for publication in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI10.1175/JAS-D-18-0365.1. Tewari, M., and coauthors, 2004: Implementation and verification of the unified NOAH land surface model in the WRF model. 20th conference on weather analysis and forecasting/16th conference on numerical weather prediction, pp. 11–15. van Niekerk, A., Scinocca, J. F., and T. G. Shepherd, 2017: The modulation of stationary waves, and their response to climate change, by parameterized orographic drag. J. Atmos. 767 Sci., 74, 2557–2574, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-17-0085.1. Webster, S., Brown, A. R., Cameron, D. R., and C. P. Jones, 2003: Improvements to the representation of orography in the met office unified model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 129, 1989–2010, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.02.133. Xu, X., Y. Wang, and M. Xue, 2012: Momentum flux and flux divergence of gravity waves in directional shear flows over three-dimensional mountains, J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 3733−3744, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-12-044.1. Xu, X., Xue, M., and Y. Wang, 2013: Gravity wave momentum flux in directional shear flows over three-dimensional mountains: Linear and nonlinear numerical solutions as compared to linear analytical solutions. J. Geophy. Res. Atmos, 118, 7670–7681, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50471. Xu, X., J. Song, Y. Wang, and M. Xue, 2017a: Quantifying the Effect of Horizontal Propagation of Three-Dimensional Mountain Waves on the Wave Momentum Flux Using Gaussian Beam Approximation, J. Atmos. Sci., 74, 1783–1798, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-781 0275.1. Xu, X., Shu, S., and Y. Wang, 2017b: Another look on the structure of mountain waves: A spectral perspective. Atmos. Res., 191, 156–163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.03.015. Accepted for publication in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. DOI10.1175/JAS-D-18-0365.1. Xu, X., Y. Tang, Y. Wang, and M. Xue, 2018: 784 Directional absorption of mountain waves and its influence on the wave momentum transport in the Northern Hemisphere. J. Geophy. Res. Atmos., 123, 2640-2654, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027968. Zhang, C., Y. Wang, and K. Hamilton, 2011: Improved representation of boundary layer clouds over the southeast pacific in ARW–WRF using a modified Tiedtke cumulus parameterization scheme. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 3489–3513, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-10-05091.1. Zhong, S., and Z. Chen, 2015: Improved wind and precipitation forecasts over South China using a modified orographic drag parameterization scheme. J. Meteor. Res., 29, 132–143, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351‐014‐4934‐1.

University Staff: Request a correction | Centaur Editors: Update this record

University of Reading

CentAUR: Central Archive at the University of Reading

Accessibility navigation

Parameterization of directional absorption of orographic gravity waves and its impact on the atmospheric general circulation simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting Model

Abstract/Summary

Downloads

Page navigation

See also

Footer navigation