Accessibility navigation


Heterogeneously catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of C = C bonds directed by surface-tethered chiral modifiers

Watson, D.J., Jesudason, R.J.B.R.J., Beaumont, S.K., Kyriakou, G., Burton, J.W. and Lambert, R.M. (2009) Heterogeneously catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of C = C bonds directed by surface-tethered chiral modifiers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131 (40). pp. 14584-14589. ISSN 0002-7863

Full text not archived in this repository.

It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from this work. See Guidance on citing.

To link to this item DOI: 10.1021/ja906356g

Abstract/Summary

Asymmetric hydrogenation of C=C bonds is of the highest importance in organic synthesis, and such reactions are currently carried out with organometallic homogeneous catalysts. Achieving heterogeneous metal-catalyzed hydrogenation, a highly desirable goal, necessitates forcing the crucial enantiodifferentiating step to take place at the metal surface. By synthesis and application of six chiral sulfide ligands that anchor robustly to Pd nanoparticles and resist displacement, we have for the first time accomplished heterogeneous enantioselective catalytic hydrogenation of isophorone. High resolution XPS data established that ligand adsorption from solution occurred exclusively on the Pd nanoparticles and not on the carbon support. All ligands contained a pyrrolidine nitrogen to enable their interaction with the isophorone substrate while the sulfide functionality provided the required interaction with the Pd surface. Enantioselective turnover numbers of up to similar to 100 product molecules per ligand molecule were found with a very large variation in asymmetric induction between ligands: observed enantiomeric excesses increased with increasing size of the alkyl group in the sulfide. This likely reflects varying degrees of ligand dispersion on the surface: bulky substituent groups hinder close approach of ligand molecules to each other, inhibiting close-packed island formation, favoring dispersion as separate molecules, and leading to effective asymmetric induction. Conversely, small substituents favor island formation leading to very low asymmetric induction. Enantioselective reaction most likely involves initial formation of an enamine or iminium species, confirmed by use of an analogous tertiary amine, which leads to racemic product. Ligand rigidity and resistance to self-assembled monolayer formation are important attributes that should be designed into improved chiral modifiers.

Item Type:Article
Refereed:Yes
Divisions:Life Sciences > School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy > Department of Chemistry
ID Code:11701
Uncontrolled Keywords:ENANTIOSELECTIVE HYDROGENATION, NOBEL LECTURE, ISOPHORONE, PALLADIUM, CINCHONIDINE, MONOLAYERS, ADSORPTION, THIOLS
Publisher:American Chemical Society

University Staff: Request a correction | Centaur Editors: Update this record

Page navigation