Saturn's weather‐driven aurorae modulate oscillations in the magnetic field and radio emissions
Chowdhury, M. N., Stallard, T. S., Baines, K. H., Provan, G., Melin, H., Hunt, G. J., Moore, L., O'Donoghue, J.
It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from this work. See Guidance on citing. To link to this item DOI: 10.1029/2021GL096492 Abstract/SummaryThe Cassini spacecraft revealed that Saturn's magnetic field displayed oscillations at a period originally thought to match the planetary rotation rate but later found not to. One of many proposed theories predicts that a polar twin-cell neutral weather system drives this variation, producing observable differences in flows within Saturn's ionosphere. Here, using spectral observations of auroral H3+ emission lines taken by the Keck Observatory's Near Infrared Echelle Spectrograph (Keck-NIRSPEC) in 2017, we derive ion line-of-sight velocity maps after grouping spectra into rotational quadrants matching phases of the planetary magnetic field. We measure 0.5 km s−1 wind systems in the ionosphere consistent with predicted neutral twin-vortex flow patterns. These findings demonstrate that neutral winds in Saturn's polar regions cause the rotational period, as determined via the magnetic field, to exhibit differences and time variabilities relative to the planet's true period of rotation in a process never before seen within planetary atmospheres.
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