Abstract/Summary

The study aimed to investigate the sustained effects of a case study biophilic designed building, The Enterprise Centre (TEC) in the UK, on its permanent workers' satisfaction with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and their health, well-being and productivity. A repeated cross-sectional research design, following the Building Use Studies (BUS) Methodology, was used with two data collection periods 12 and 24 months after building occupation with participation rates of 86 % and 97 % respectively. Results showed high and sustained satisfaction with IEQ, including thermal comfort, acoustics, lighting, and air quality. Workers consistently reported improved health and well-being, with productivity gains of 12.98 % amongst the 12-months cohort and 9.17 % for the 24-months cohort. This study contributes novel insights by: (1) providing evidence of biophilic design's sustained impact over time, an area with limited existing research; (2) evaluating combined biophilic strategies at full-building scale (including natural materials and colours, connection with nature, outdoor views, natural light and air, and climate-aligned indoor conditions) rather than isolated biophilic interventions; and (3) establishing new insights into the effects of biophilic design on occupant health, well-being, and productivity. The positive outcomes suggest that biophilic design could be successfully integrated into future buildings and spaces to improve satisfaction with IEQ and enhance workplace health and performance.