The largest extinct volant bird Pelagornis could not meet the energetic demands of skimming

Hellyer-Price, O., Venditti, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-2355 and Humphries, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9766-6404 (2026) The largest extinct volant bird Pelagornis could not meet the energetic demands of skimming. Royal Society Open Science, 13 (2). 251840. ISSN 2054-5703 doi: 10.1098/rsos.251840

Abstract/Summary

The fossil record is one of our only direct insights into the lives of extinct species. In recent years, the development of biomechanical and aerodynamic models has allowed us to ask specific questions that the fossil records alone cannot answer. Pelagornis was a Palaeocene marine bird characterized by a large bill with pseudo-teeth, which has generated debate about the way it may have fed. Here, we assess the idea that Pelagornis could have fed by skimming, a feeding behaviour seen almost exclusively in modern skimmers, Rynchops (Aves). Using biomechanical models and morphological measurements of the bills of two Pelagornis species, Pelagornis chilensis and Pelagornis sandersi, we show that Pelagornis could not have met the energetic requirements of skim-feeding. Additionally, we show that Pelagornis could not have overcome the drag induced by picking prey from the surface of the water, shedding doubt on the possibility that Pelagornis could have fed from the water’s surface. Our results refute the hypothesis that Pelagornis could skim-feed and illustrate how biomechanical models can be used to infer ecological interactions of extinct species.

Item Type	Article
URI	https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/id/eprint/128550
Identification Number/DOI	10.1098/rsos.251840
Refereed	Yes
Divisions	Life Sciences > School of Biological Sciences > Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Publisher	The Royal Society
Download/View statistics	View download statistics for this item