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Objective detection of sting jets in low-resolution datasets

Martinez-Alvarado, O. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5285-0379, Gray, S. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-362X, Clark, P. A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-9226 and Baker, L. H. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0738-9488 (2013) Objective detection of sting jets in low-resolution datasets. Meteorological Applications, 20 (1). pp. 41-55. ISSN 1469-8080

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To link to this item DOI: 10.1002/met.297

Abstract/Summary

Sting jets are transient coherent mesoscale strong wind features that can cause damaging surface wind gusts in extratropical cyclones. Currently, we have only limited knowledge of their climatological characteristics. Numerical weather prediction models require enough resolution to represent slantwise motions with horizontal scales of tens of kilometres and vertical scales of just a few hundred metres to represent sting jets. Hence, the climatological characteristics of sting jets and the associated extratropical cyclones can not be determined by searching for sting jets in low-resolution datasets such as reanalyses. A diagnostic is presented and evaluated for the detection in low-resolution datasets of atmospheric regions from which sting jets may originate. Previous studies have shown that conditional symmetric instability (CSI) is present in all storms studied with sting jets, while other, rapidly developing storms of a similar character but no CSI do not develop sting jets. Therefore, we assume that the release of CSI is needed for sting jets to develop. While this instability will not be released in a physically realistic way in low-resolution models (and hence sting jets are unlikely to occur), it is hypothesized that the signature of this instability (combined with other criteria that restrict analysis to moist mid-tropospheric regions in the neighbourhood of a secondary cold front) can be used to identify cyclones in which sting jets occurred in reality. The diagnostic is evaluated, and appropriate parameter thresholds defined, by applying it to three case studies simulated using two resolutions (with CSI-release resolved in only the higher-resolution simulation).

Item Type:Article
Refereed:Yes
Divisions:Science > School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences > Department of Meteorology
ID Code:23074
Uncontrolled Keywords:conditional symmetric instability; SCAPE; Shapiro–Keyser cyclone; windstorm
Publisher:Royal Meteorological Society

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