Alternative Christmas Message (2020) Channel 4 TV. Framestore
Antic J (2020) https://github.com/jantic/DeOldify
Anwar S, Khan S and Barnes N (2020) A Deep Journey into Super-resolution: A Survey. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 53: 1–34.
Blanz V, Scherbaum K, Vetter T and Seidel H-P (2004) Exchanging faces in images. Computer Graphics Forum 23: 669–676.
Bode L (2007) ‘Grave Robbing’ or ‘Career Comeback’? On the Digital Resurrection of Dead Screen Stars. In: Kallioniemi K, Kärki K, Mäkelä J, and Salmi H (eds) History of Stardom Reconsidered. Turku, Finland: Inter-national Institute for Popular Culture
Bode L (2010) No Longer Themselves: framing digitally enabled posthumous performance. Cinema Journal 49 (4): 46-70
Bode L (2017) Making Believe: Screen Performance and Special Effects in Popular Cinema. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Cheng Z, Yang Q and Sheng B (2015) Deep colorization. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Santiago, Chile, 7-13 December 2015, pp. 415–423.
Chesney R and Citron D (2019) ‘Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security California Law Review 1753, U of Texas Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 692, U of Maryland Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2018-21.
Crofts T and Kirchengast T (2019) A ladder approach to criminalising revenge pornography. Journal of Criminal Law J. Crim. L. 2019 83(1): 87-103.
Deepfakes (2020) https://github.com/deepfakes/faceswap
Dong C, Loy CC, He K. and Tang X (2014) Learning a deep convolutional network for image super-resolution. European conference on computer vision, Columbus, Ohio, 24-27 June 2014, pp. 184–199.
Dong C, Loy CC, He K. and Tang X (2015) Image super-resolution using deep convolutional networks. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 38: 295–307.
Ekaratne SC (2020) Manipulated images: a taxonomy. European Intellectual Property Review 42(6): 353-363
Farish K (2020) Do deep fakes pose a golden opportunity? Considering whether English law should adopt California's publicity right in the age of the deep fake. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice: J.I.P.L.P. 15(1): 40-48
Forbes Magazine (2019) The Top-Earning Dead Celebrities Of 2019: Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2019/10/30/the-top-earning-dead-celebrities-of--2019/ (accessed 03 January 2021).
Goodfellow I et al. (2014) Generative adversarial nets. Advances in neural information processing systems: 2672–2680.
Helm D and Kampel M (2020) Overscan Detection in Digitized Analog Films by Precise Sprocket Hole Segmentation. International Symposium on Visual Computing, San Diego, CA, 5-7 October 2020, pp. 148–159.
Horn BK and Schunck BG (1981) Determining optical flow. Techniques and Applications of Image Understanding 281: 319–331.
Iizuka S and Simo-Serra E (2019) DeepRemaster: temporal source-reference attention networks for comprehensive video enhancement. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 38: 1–13.
Kazemi V and Sullivan J (2014) One millisecond face alignment with an ensemble of regression trees. Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition Columbus, Ohio, 23-28 June 2014, pp.1867–1874.
King DE (2009) Dlib-ml: A Machine Learning Toolkit. Journal of Machine Learning Research 10: 1755-1758.
Lathuilière S, Tulyakov S, Ricci E and Sebe N (2020) Motion-supervised Co-Part Segmentation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.03234.
Liu M-Y, Breuel T and Kautz J (2017) Unsupervised image-to-image translation networks. Advances in neural information processing systems, 30: 700–708.
Metliss E and Berggren S (2020) Can you believe your eyes? Deepfakes and fraud. Fraud Intelligence F.I. 2019/20 Dec/Jan: 12-14
Naremore J (1986) Expressive Coherence and the ‘Acted Image’. Studies in the Literary Imagination, 19(1), 39-54
Naruniec J, Helminger L, Schroers C et al (2020) High-Resolution Neural Face Swapping for Visual Effects. Eurographics Symposium on Rendering 39 (4)
Nazeri K, Ng E and Ebrahimi M (2018) Image colorization using generative adversarial networks. International conference on articulated motion and deformable objects, pp. 85–94.
Nguyen TT, Nguyen CM, Nguyen DT and Nahavandi S (2019) Deep learning for deepfakes creation and detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.11573
Nirkin Y, Keller Y and Hassner T (2019) FSGAN: Subject agnostic face swapping and reenactment. Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision Long Beach, CA, 15-20 June 2019, pp. 7184–7193.
Pavis M (2020) ‘Submission to the UK IPO: Artificial Intelligence and Performers’ rights’. Report, The Centre for Science, Culture and the Law at the University of Exeter.
Perot E and Mostert F (2020) Fake it till you make it: an exploration of the US and English approaches to persona protection as applied to deep fakes on social media. Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice: J.I.P.L.P. 2020 15(1): 32-39
Thies J et al. (2015) Real-time expression transfer for facial reenactment. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 34 (183): 1–14
Viola P and Jones M (2001) Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition.Kauai, Hl, 8-14 December 2001
Vincent J (2018) ‘Watch Jordan Peele use AI to make Barack Obama deliver a PSA about fake news’ https://www.theverge.com/tldr/2018/4/17/17247334/ai-fake-news-video-barack-obama-jordan-peele-buzzfeed
Wilson P I and Fernandez J (2006) Facial feature detection using Haar classifiers. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges 21: 127–133.
Winick R (1997) Intellectual Property, Defamation and the Digital Alteration of Visual Images. 21 ColumVLA Journal of Law and Arts: 143
Yuzhi Z et al. (2020) Legacy Photo Editing with Learned Noise Prior. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.11309.
Zhang R, Isola P and Efros AA (2016) Colorful image colorization. European conference on computer vision 2016.
Further Legal References:
Statutes
Administration of Estates Act 1925
Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988
Defamation Act 2005, Tasmania Consolidated Acts
Defamation Act 2013
Georgia Code § 16-11-40
Idaho Code § 18-4801
Nevada Revised Statutes § 200.510
Organ Donation (Deemed Consent) Act 2019
Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, Article 353
SB 751, 86th Legislature Regular Session (Texas 2019) amending Section 255.004, Election Code
Cases
Re Australian Wine Importers and Mason 41 ChD 278
Charleston v News Group Newspapers Ltd [1995] 2 A.C. 65
Hatchard v Mège (1887) 18 QBD 771
Re Horsburgh 53 LJ Ch 237
Irvine v TalkSport Ltd [2003] EWCA Civ 423; [2003] 1 W.L.R. 1576.
Re Maeder’s Application [1916] 1 Ch 304
Potter and Clarke Ltd v The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain [1947] 1 Ch 483
Putistin v Ukraine 21 November 2013 Application No 16882/03
Reports
Legal Advisory Group on Defamation (2003), Report of the Legal Advisory Group on Defamation, Dublin
Report of the Committee on the Law of Defamation (Cmd 7536) (1948)
The Report of the Faulks Committee on Defamation (Cmd 5909) (1975)
Scottish Government (2011), Death of a Good Name - Defamation and the Deceased: A Consultation Paper.