A comprehensive protocol to study the effects of multilingualism on cognition and the brain in patients with progressive neurological diseases

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Pliatsikas, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-1773, Antoniou, M., Duñabeitia, J. A. and Calabria, M. (2025) A comprehensive protocol to study the effects of multilingualism on cognition and the brain in patients with progressive neurological diseases. MethodsX, 14. 103343. ISSN 2215-0161

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	Text - Accepted Version · Restricted to Repository staff only · The Copyright of this document has not been checked yet. This may affect its availability. 251kB

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To link to this item DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103343

Abstract/Summary

Multilingualism, the cognitively demanding experience of speaking multiple languages, has been linked to measurable effects on cognition and brain structure and function. These effects, attributed to the constant activation of multiple languages, may contribute to cognitive reserve, expressed as delayed cognitive decline in multilinguals diagnosed with progressive neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis. However, the evidence remains inconsistent due to methodological shortcomings, including variations in defining multilingualism and inadequate accounting for other lifestyle factors that may also promote cognitive reserve. To address these limitations, we developed a comprehensive protocol which incorporates detailed measurement of factors that are related to cognitive reserve, including multilingual experiences, standardized clinical and experimental cognitive assessments suitable for multilingual patients diagnosed with the above progressive neurological diseases, as well as thorough neuroimaging testing batteries. This protocol enables systematic investigation across linguistic and cultural contexts, facilitating cross-laboratory data pooling to advance understanding of multilingualism’s neuroprotective potential in aging and disease. Its purpose is to spearhead an open-ended project which will keep adding to an increasing dataset of multilingual patients internationally; crucially, it sets a new standard in how to gather evidence investigating multilingualism as a factor contributing to cognitive reserve.

Item Type:	Article
Refereed:	Yes
Divisions:	Interdisciplinary Research Centres (IDRCs) > Centre for Literacy and Multilingualism (CeLM) Interdisciplinary Research Centres (IDRCs) > Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics (CINN) Life Sciences > School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences > Department of Clinical Language Sciences
ID Code:	122576
Uncontrolled Keywords:	bilingualism, multilingualism, cognitive reserve, neuroimaging, progressive neurological diseases
Publisher:	Elsevier

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A comprehensive protocol to study the effects of multilingualism on cognition and the brain in patients with progressive neurological diseases

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