Abstract/Summary

In the last two decades UK research institutes have led a wide range of developments in marine data assimilation (MDA), covering areas from operational applications in physics and biogeochemistry, to fundamental theory. We highlight the emergence of strong collaboration in the UK MDA community over this period and the increasing unification of its tools. We focus on identifying the MDA stakeholder community and current/future areas of impact, as well as current trends and future opportunities. This includes rapid growth of machine learning (ML) / artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twin applications. We articulate a vision for the future, including the needs for future types of observational data (whether planned missions, or hypothetical) and how the community should respond to increases in computational power and new computer architectures (e.g. exascale computing). We contrast the needs of different MDA areas, including physics, biogeochemistry and coupled DA. Although the specifics of the vision depend on each area, common themes emerge. We advocate for balanced redistribution of new computational capability among increased model resolution, model complexity, more sophisticated DA algorithms and uncertainty representation (e.g. ensembles). We also advocate for integrated approaches, such as strongly coupled DA (ocean/atmosphere, physics/biogeochemistry, ocean/sea ice) and the use of ML/AI components (e.g. for multivariate increment balancing, bias-correction, model emulation, observation re-gridding, or fusion).