AerChemMIP: quantifying the effects of chemistry and aerosols in CMIP6Collins, W. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-0850, Lamarque, J.-F., Schulz, M., Boucher, O., Eyring, V., Hegglin, M. I. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-9044, Maycock, A., Myhre, G., Prather, M., Shindell, D. and Smith, S. J. (2017) AerChemMIP: quantifying the effects of chemistry and aerosols in CMIP6. Geoscientific Model Development, 10 (2). pp. 585-607. ISSN 1991-9603
It is advisable to refer to the publisher's version if you intend to cite from this work. See Guidance on citing. To link to this item DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-585-2017 Abstract/SummaryThe Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP) is endorsed by the Coupled-Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) and is designed to quantify the climate and air quality impacts of aerosols and chemically-reactive gases. These are specifically near-term climate forcers (NTCFs: methane, tropospheric ozone and aerosols, and their precursors), nitrous oxide and ozone-depleting halocarbons. The aim of AerChemMIP is to answer four scientific questions: 1. How have anthropogenic emissions contributed to global radiative forcing and affected regional climate over the historical period? 2. How might future policies (on climate, air quality and land use) affect the abundances of NTCFs and their climate impacts? 3. How do uncertainties in historical NTCF emissions affect radiative forcing estimates? 4. How important are climate feedbacks to natural NTCF emissions, atmospheric composition, and radiative effects? These questions will be addressed through targeted simulations with CMIP6 climate models that include an interactive representation of tropospheric aerosols and atmospheric chemistry. These simulations build on the CMIP6 Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima (DECK) experiments, the CMIP6 historical simulations, and future projections performed elsewhere in CMIP6, allowing the contributions from aerosols and/or chemistry to be quantified. Specific diagnostics are requested as part of the CMIP6 data request to highlight the chemical composition of the atmosphere, to evaluate the performance of the models, and to understand differences in behaviour between them.
DownloadsDownloads per month over past year
Arblaster, J. M., and Meehl G. A.:, Contributions of external forcings to southern annular mode trends, J. Clim., 19, 2896–2905, doi:10.1175/JCLI3774.1, 2006
Archibald, A. T., Cooke, M. C., Utembe, S. R., Shallcross, D. E., Derwent, R. G., and Jenkin, M. E.: Impacts of mechanistic changes on HOx formation and recycling in the oxidation of isoprene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8097-8118, doi:10.5194/acp-10-8097-2010, 2010.
Arneth, A., Harrison, S. P., Zaehle, S., Tsigaridis, K., Menon, S., Bartlein, P. J., Feichter, J., Korhola, A., Kulmala, M., O'Donnell, D., Schurgers, G., Sorvari, S., Vesala, T: Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system, Nature Geosci., 3, 525–532, 2010
Banerjee, A., Maycock A. C., Archibald A. T., Abraham N. L., Telford, P., Braesicke P., and Pyle J.A.:. Drivers of changes in stratospheric and tropospheric ozone between year 2000 and 2100, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-2727-2016, 2016
Bindoff, N.L., et al., Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change edited by Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Bollasina, M. A., Ming, Y., and Ramaswamy V.: Earlier onset of the Indian monsoon in the late twentieth century: The role of anthropogenic aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3715–3720, doi:10.1002/grl.50719, 2013
Bond, T. C., et al.: Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 5380–5552, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50171, 2013
Boucher, O., et al., Clouds and Aerosols, in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P. M. Midgley, pp. 571-657, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 2013
Cameron-Smith, P., Elliott S., Maltrud M., Erickson D., and Wingenter O.: Changes in dimethyl sulfide oceanic distribution due to climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L07704, doi:10.1029/2011GL047069, 2011
Carlton, A.G., Pinder R. W., Bhave P. V., and Pouliot G. A.: To what extent can biogenic SOA be controlled?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 3376–3380, doi:10.1021/es903506b, 2010
Carslaw, K. S., Lee L. A., Reddington C. L., Pringle K. J., Rap A., Forster P. M., Mann G. W., Spracklen D. V., Woodhouse M. T., Regayre L. A., Pierce J. R.: Large contribution of natural aerosols to uncertainty in indirect forcing. Nature, 503, 7474, 10.1038/nature12674, 2013
Cionni, I., Eyring, V., Lamarque, J. F., Randel, W. J, Stevenson, D. S., Wu, F., Bodeker, G. E., Shepherd, T. G., Shindell, D. T., Waugh, D. W.: Ozone database in support of CMIP5 simulations: results and corresponding radiative forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 11267-11292, 2011
Clarke L., K. Jiang, K. Akimoto, M. Babiker, G. Blanford, K. Fisher-Vanden, J.-C. Hourcade, V. Krey, E. Kriegler, A. Löschel, D. McCollum, S. Paltsev, S. Rose, P.R. Shukla, M. Tavoni, B.C.C. van der Zwaan, and D.P. van Vuuren,: Assessing Transformation Pathways. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2014.
Collins, W.J., Derwent, R.G., Garnier, B., Johnson, C.E., Sanderson, M.G., Stevenson, D.S.,. The effect of stratosphere–troposphere exchange on the future tropospheric ozone trend. Journal of Geophysical Research 108. doi:10.1029/2002JD002617, 2003
Collins, W. J., Bellouin, N., Doutriaux-Boucher, M., Gedney, N., Halloran, P., Hinton, T., Hughes, J., Jones, C. D., Joshi, M., Liddicoat, S., Martin, G., O’Connor, F., Rae, J., Senior, C., Sitch, S., Totterdell, I., Wiltshire, A., and Woodward, S.: Development and evaluation of an Earth-System model – HadGEM2, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 1051–1075, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-1051-2011, 2011.
Collins, M., R. et al., Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Eyring, V., et al.,: Multimodel projections of stratospheric ozone in the 21st century. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 112, D16303, 2007
Eyring, V., et al.: Overview of IGAC/SPARC Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) Community Simulations in Support of Upcoming Ozone and Climate Assessments, SPARC Newsletter, 40, 48-66, 2013a
Eyring, V., Arblaster J. M., Cionni I., Sedlacek J., Perlwitz J., Young P. J., Bekki S., Bergmann D., Cameron-Smith P., Collins W. J., Faluvegi G., Gottschaldt K.-D., Horowitz L. W., Kinnison D. E., Lamarque J.-F., Marsh D. R., Saint-Martin D., Shindell D. T., Sudo K., Szopa S., and Watanabe S.:, Long-term ozone changes and associated climate impacts in CMIP5 simulations, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 118, 5029-5060, 2013b
Eyring, V., Bony, S., Meehl, G. A., Senior, C., Stevens, B., Stouffer, R. J., and Taylor, K. E.: Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1937-1958, doi:10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016, 2016a.
Eyring, V., Righi, M., Lauer, A., Evaldsson, M., Wenzel, S., Jones, C., Anav, A., Andrews, O., Cionni, I., Davin, E. L., Deser, C., Ehbrecht, C., Friedlingstein, P., Gleckler, P., Gottschaldt, K.-D., Hagemann, S., Juckes, M., Kindermann, S., Krasting, J., Kunert, D., Levine, R., Loew, A., Mäkelä, J., Martin, G., Mason, E., Phillips, A. S., Read, S., Rio, C., Roehrig, R., Senftleben, D., Sterl, A., van Ulft, L. H., Walton, J., Wang, S., and Williams, K. D.: ESMValTool (v1.0) – a community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for routine evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1747-1802, doi:10.5194/gmd-9-1747-2016, 2016b.
Eyring, V., Gleckler, P. J., Heinze, C., Stouffer, R. J., Taylor, K. E., Balaji, V., Guilyardi, E., Joussaume, S., Kindermann, S., Lawrence, B. N., Meehl, G. A., Righi, M., and Williams, D. N.: Towards improved and more routine Earth system model evaluation in CMIP, Earth Syst. Dynam., doi:10.5194/esd-2016-26, 2016.
Ferraro, R., Waliser, D. E., Gleckler, P., Taylor, K. E., and Eyring, V.: Evolving obs4MIPs to Support the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), B Am Meteorol Soc, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00216.1, 2015.
Fiore, A. M., Naik V., Spracklen D., Steiner A., Unger N., Prather M., Bergmann D., Cameron-Smith P. J., Collins W., Dalsøren S., Folberth G., Ginoux P., Horowitz L. W., Josse B., Lamarque J.-F., Nagashima T., O'Connor F., Rumbold S., Shindell D. T., Skeie R. B., Sudo K., Takemura T., Zeng G.: Global Air Quality and Climate, Chemical Society Reviews, 41, 6663-6683, doi: 10.1039/C2CS35095E, 2012
Fiore, A.M., Naik V., Leibensperger E.M.: Air quality and climate connections J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 65 pp. 645–685, doi:10.1080/10962247.2015.1040526, 2015
Flato, G., Marotzke J., Abiodun B., Braconnot P., Chou S.C., Collins W., Cox P., Driouech F., Emori S., Eyring V., Forest C., Gleckler P., Guilyardi E., Jakob C., Kattsov V., Reason C. and Rummukainen M: Evaluation of Climate Models. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA., 2013
Forster, P., et al.: Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.)] Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 129-234 , 2007
Forster, P. M., T. Richardson, A. C. Maycock, C. J. Smith, B. H. Samset, G. Myhre, T. Andrews, R. Pincus, and M. Schulz: Recommendations for diagnosing effective radiative forcing from climate models for CMIP6, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, doi:10.1002/2016JD025320, 2016.
Gauss, M., Myhre, G., Pitari, G., et al.: Radiative forcing in the 21st century due to ozone changes in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4292, doi:10.1029/2002JD002624, 2003
Gauss, M., et al.: Radiative forcing since preindustrial times due to ozone changes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 575–599, 2006
Ghan, S. J., Liu X., Easter R. C., Zaveri R., Rasch P. J., Yoon J.-H., and Eaton B.: Toward a minimal representation of aerosols in climate models: Comparative decomposition of aerosol direct, semi-direct and indirect radiative forcing, J. Clim., 25, 6461–6476, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00650.1, 2012
Ghan, S. J.: Technical Note: Estimating aerosol effects on cloud radiative forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9971-9974, doi:10.5194/acp-13-9971-2013, 2013.
Ghan, S., Wang, M., Zhang, S., Ferrachat, S., Gettelman, A., Griesfeller, J., Kipling, Z., Lohmann, U., Morrison, H., Neubauer, D., Partridge, D. G., Stier, P., Takemura, T., Wang, H., Zhang, K.: Challenges in constraining anthropogenic aerosol effects on cloud radiative forcing using present-day spatiotemporal variability, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016
Gillett N. P., Shiogama H., Funke B., Hegerl G., Knutti R., Matthes K., Santer B. D., Stone D., and Tebaldi C.: Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP). Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., doi:10.5194/gmd-2016-74, 2016.
Gleckler, P. J., Doutriaux, C., Durack P. J., Taylor K. E. , Zhang, Y., Williams, D. N., Mason, E., and Servonnat, J.: A more powerful reality test for climate models, Eos Trans. AGU, 97, 2016
Gordon, H., Sengupta, K., Rap, A., Duplissy, J., Frege, C., Williamson, C., Heinritzi, M., Simon, M., Yan, C., Almeida, J., Tröstl, J., Nieminen, T., Ortega, I. K., Wagner, R., Dunne, E. M., Adamov, A., Amorim, A., Bernhammer, A.-K., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Chen, X., Craven, J. S., Dias, A., Ehrhart, S., Fischer, L., Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Fuchs, C., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hoyle, C. R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Kim, J., Kirkby, J., Krapf, M., Kürten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Molteni, U., Monks, S. A., Onnela, A., Peräkylä, O., Piel, F., Petäjä, T., Praplan, A. P., Pringle, K. J., Richards, N. a. D., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger, S., Scott, C. E., Seinfeld, J. H., Sharma, S., Sipilä, M., Steiner, G., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tomé, A., Virtanen, A., Vogel, A. L., Wagner, A. C., Wagner, P. E., Weingartner, E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P. M., Ye, P., Zhang, X., Hansel, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Worsnop, D. R., Baltensperger, U., Kulmala, M., Curtius, J. & Carslaw, K. S. 2016. Reduced anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing caused by biogenic new particle formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. doi:10.1073/pnas.1602360113
Granier, C., Bessagnet, B., Bond, T., D’Angiola, A., Denier van der Gon, H., Frost, G. J., Heil, A., Kaiser, J. W., Kinne, S.,Klimont, Z., Kloster, S., Lamarque, J.-F., Liousse, C., Masui, T., Meleux, F., Mieville, A., Ohara, T., Raut, J.-C., Riahi, K., Schultz, M. G., Smith, S. J., Thompson, A., van Aardenne, J., van der Werf, G. R., and van Vuuren, D. P.: Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980–2010 period, Climatic Change, 109, 163–190, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1, 2011.
Gregory, J. M., Ingram W. J, Palmer M. A., Jones G. S., Stott P. A., Thorpe R. B., Lowe J. A., Johns T. C., and Williams K. D.: A new method for diagnosing radiative forcing and climate sensitivity, Geophysical Research Letters, 31(3), L03205, 2004
Hegglin, M. I., and Shepherd T. G.: Large climate-induced changes in ultraviolet index and stratosphere-to-troposphere ozone flux, Nature Geosci., 2, 687–691, 2009
Hegglin, M. I., et al., SPARC Data Initiative: Comparison of stratospheric composition measurements from international satellite limb sounders, in preparation.
Hollmann, R., Merchant, C. J., Saunders, R., Downy, C., Buchwitz, M,. Cazenave, A,. Chuvieco, E., Defourny, P., de Leeuw, G., Forsberg, R,. Holzer-Popp, T., Paul, F,. Sandven, S., Sathyendranath, S., van Roozendael, M,. and Wagner, W.: The ESA Climate Change Initiative: Satellite Data Records for Essential Climate Variables. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 1541–1552, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00254.1., 2013
Hwang, Y. T., Frierson D. M., and Kang S. M.: Anthropogenic sulfate aerosol and the southward shift of tropical precipitation in the late 20th century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 2845–2850, doi:10.1002/grl.50502, 2013
IPCC: Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emission
Scenarios, J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filho, J. Bruce, Hoesung Lee, B.A. Callander, E. Haites, N. Harris and K. Maskell (eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 339 pp., 1994
IPCC: Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton, J.T., L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 572 pp., 1996
Isaksen, I.S.A., Granier C., Myhre G., Berntsen T.K., Dalsøren S.B., Gauss M., Klimont Z., Benestad R., Bousquet P., Collins W.: Atmospheric composition change: climate–chemistry interactions, Atmos. Environ., 4, 5138–5192, 2009
Jacob, D.J., Winner D.A., Effect of climate change on air quality, Atmos. Environ., 43, 51–63. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.05, 2009
John, J. G., Fiore, A. M., Naik, V., Horowitz, L. W., and Dunne, J. P.: Climate versus emission drivers of methane lifetime against loss by tropospheric OH from 1860–2100, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 12021-12036, doi:10.5194/acp-12-12021-2012, 2012.
Jones, C.D., Arora, V., Friedlingstein, P., Bopp, L., Brovkin, V., Dunne, J., Graven, H., Hoffman, F., Ilyina, T., John, J.G., Jung, M., Kawamiya, M., Koven, C., Pongratz, J., Raddatz, T., Randerson, J.T., and Zaehle, S.: C4MIP – The Coupled Climate–Carbon Cycle Model Intercomparison Project: experimental protocol for CMIP6, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 2853-2880, doi:10.5194/gmd-9-2853-2016, 2016
Kinne, S., Schulz M., Textor C., Guibert S., Balkanski Y., Bauer S.E., Berntsen T., Berglen T.F., Boucher O., Chin M., Collins W., Dentener F., Diehl T., Easter R., Feichter J., Fillmore D., Ghan S., Ginoux P., Gong S., Grini A., Hendricks J., Herzog M., Horowitz L., Isaksen I., Iversen T., Kirkevåg A., Kloster S., Koch D., Kristjansson J.E., Krol M., Lauer A., Lamarque J.F., Lesins G., Liu X., Lohmann U., Montanaro V., Myhre G., Penner J., Pitari G., Reddy S., Seland O., Stier P., Takemura T., and Tie X.: An AeroCom initial assessment optical properties in aerosol component modules of global models. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1815-1834, 2006
Kirtman, B., et al., Near-term Climate Change: Projections and Predictability. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Lamarque, J. F., et al.: The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP): Overview and description of models, simulations and climate diagnostics. Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 179–206, 2013
Langner, J. and Rodhe H.: A global three-dimensional model of the tropospheric sulphur cycle. J. Atmos. Chem., 13, 255-263, 1991
Lawrence, D. M., Hurtt, G. C., Arneth, A., Brovkin, V., Calvin. K. V., Jones, A. D., Jones, C. D., Lawrence, P. J., de Noblet-Ducoudré, N., Pongratz, J., Seneviratne, S. I., Shevliakova, E.: The Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP): Rationale and experimental design, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., doi:10.5194/gmd-2016-76, 2016.
Leibensperger, E. M., Mickley, L. J., Jacob, D. J., Chen, W.-T., Seinfeld, J. H., Nenes, A., Adams, P. J., Streets, D. G., Kumar, N., and Rind, D.: Climatic effects of 1950–2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols – Part 2: Climate response, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3349–3362, doi:10.5194/acp-12-3349-2012, 2012
Levy, H., Horowitz L. W., Schwarzkopf M. D., Ming Y., Golaz J.-C., Naik V., and Ramaswamy V.: The roles of aerosol direct and indirect effects in past and future climate change, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 4521–4532, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50192, 2013
Marvel, K., Schmidt, G.A., Miller, R.L., Nazarenko, L.S.: Implications for climate sensitivity from the response to individual forcings. Nature Climate Change, 6, doi:10.1038/nclimate2888, 2016
McCoy et al. Natural aerosols explain seasonal and spatial patterns of Southern Ocean cloud albedo, Sci. Adv.;1:e1500157, 2015
McLandress, C., Shepherd T. G., Scinocca J. F., Plummer D. A., Sigmond M., Jonsson A. I., and Reader M. C.: Separating the dynamical effects of climate change and ozone depletion. Part II Southern Hemisphere troposphere, J. Clim., 24(6), 1850–1868, 2011
McLandress, C., Shepherd, T. G., Jonsson, A. I., von Clarmann, T., and Funke, B.: A method for merging nadir-sounding climate records, with an application to the global-mean stratospheric temperature data sets from SSU and AMSU, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9271-9284, doi: 10.5194/acp-15-9271-2015, 2015.
Myhre, G., et al.: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing, in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P. M. Midgley, pp. 659-740, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2013a
Myhre, G., Samset, B. H., Schulz, M., Balkanski, Y., Bauer, S., Berntsen, T. K., Bian, H., Bellouin, N., Chin, M., Diehl, T., Easter, R. C., Feichter, J., Ghan, S. J., Hauglustaine, D., Iversen, T., Kinne, S., Kirkevåg, A., Lamarque, J.-F., Lin, G., Liu, X., Luo, G., Ma, X., Penner, J. E., Rasch, P. J., Seland, Ø., Skeie, R. B., Stier, P., Takemura, T., Tsigaridis, K., Wang, Z., Xu, L., Yu, H., Yu, F., Yoon, J.-H., Zhang, K., Zhang, H., and Zhou, C.: Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 1853-1877, doi:10.5194/acp-13-1853-2013, 2013b.
Naik, V., Voulgarakis, A., Fiore, A. M., Horowitz, L. W., Lamarque, J.-F., Lin, M., Prather, M. J., Young, P. J., Bergmann, D., Cameron-Smith, P. J., Cionni, I., Collins, W. J., Dalsøren, S. B., Doherty, R., Eyring, V., Faluvegi, G., Folberth, G. A., Josse, B., Lee, Y. H., MacKenzie, I. A., Nagashima, T., van Noije, T. P. C., Plummer, D. A., Righi, M., Rumbold, S. T., Skeie, R., Shindell, D. T., Stevenson, D. S., Strode, S., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., and Zeng, G.: Preindustrial to present-day changes in tropospheric hydroxyl radical and methane lifetime from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5277–5298, doi:10.5194/acp-13-5277-2013, 2013.
Olson, J., Prather M., Berntsen T., Carmichael G., Chatfield R., Connell P., Derwent R., Horowitz L., Jin S., Kanakidou M., Kasibhatla P., Kotamarthi R., Kuhn M., Law K., Penner J., Perliski L., Sillman S., Stordal F., Thompson A., and Wild O.: Results from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change Photochemical Model Intercomparison (PhotoComp) J. Geophys., Res., 102, D5, 5979-5991, 1997
O’Neill, B.C., Kriegler, E., Riahi, K., Ebi, K.L., Hallegatte, S., Carter, T.R., Mathur, R., Van Vuuren, D.P., 2014. A new scenario framework for climate change research: The concept of shared socioeconomic pathways. Clim. Change 122, 387–400, 2014.
O'Neill, B.C., Tebaldi C., van Vuuren D., Eyring V., Friedlingstein P., Hurtt G., Knutti R., Kriegler E., Lamarque J.-F., Lowe, J. Meehl J., Moss R., Riahi K., and. Sanderson B. M, The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6. Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., doi:10.5194/gmd-2016-84, 2016
Pawson, S., and W. Steinbrecht (Lead Authors), A.J. Charlton-Perez, M. Fujiwara, A.Yu. Karpechko, I. Petropavlovskikh, J. Urban, and M. Weber, Update on global ozone: Past, present, and future, Chapter 2 in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project –Report No. 55, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2014.
Penner, J.E., et al.: Aerosols, their direct and indirect effects. In: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton, J.T., et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 289–348, 2001
Pincus, R., Forster, P.M., Stevens, B.: The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., doi:10.5194/gmd-2016-88, 2016
Polvani, L. M., Waugh D. W., Correa G. J. P., and Son S. W.: Stratospheric ozone depletion: The main driver of twentieth-century atmospheric circulation changes in the Southern Hemisphere, J. Clim., 24(3), 795–812, 2011
Prather, M.J., Lifetimes and eigenstates in atmospheric chemistry, Geophys.Res.Lett., 21, 801-804, 1994.
Prather, M., et al. Atmospheric Chemistry and Greenhouse Gases, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis,
edited by: Houghton, J. T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D. J., et al., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 239–287, 2001
Prather, M., R. Derwent, D. Ehhalt, P. Fraser, E Sanhueza, X. Zhou, Chapter 2: Other tracer gases and atmospheric chemistry, in Climate Change 1994, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.T. Houghton et al., eds., Cambridge U. Press, pp. 73-126. 1994.
Prather, M.J., C.D. Holmes, J. Hsu, Reactive greenhouse gas scenarios: Systematic exploration of uncertainties and the role of atmospheric chemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L09803, 5 pp., doi:10.1029/2012GL051440, 2012
Ramaswamy, V., et al.: Radiative forcing of climate change. In: Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [J.T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell and C. A. Johnson (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 349-416., 2001
Righi, M., V. Eyring, K.-D Gottschaldt, C. Klinger, F. Frank, P. Jöckel, and I. Cionni, Quantitative evaluation of ozone and selected climate parameters in a set of EMAC simulations, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 733-768, doi:10.5194/gmd-8-733-2015, 2015.
Rotstayn, L., Collier M., Shindell D., and Boucher O., Why does aerosol forcing control historical global-mean surface temperature change in CMIP5 models?, J. Climate, 28, 6608-6625, 2015.
Schnell, J.L., Prather, M. J. , Josse, B., Naik, V., Horowitz, L. W., Cameron-Smith, P., Bergmann, D., Zeng, G., Plummer, D., Sudo, A. K., Nagashima, T., Shindell, D. T., Faluvegi, G. and Strode, S. A., Use of North American and European air quality networks to evaluate global chemistry-climate modeling of surface ozone, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10581-10596, 2015.
Schnell, J.L., Prather, M. J. , Josse, B., Naik, V., Horowitz, L. W., Zeng, G., Shindell, D. T., Effect of climate change on surface ozone over North America, Europe, and East Asia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 3509–3518, 2016.
Schulz, M., Textor C., Kinne S., Balkanski Y., Bauer S., Berntsen T., Berglen T., Boucher O., Dentener F., Grini A., Guibert S., Iversen T., Koch D., Kirkeveg A., Liu X., Montanaro V., Myhre G., Penner J., Pitari G., Reddy S., Seland X., Stier P., and Takemura T.: Radiative forcing by aerosols as derived from the AeroCom present-day and pre-industrial simulations. Atmos Chem Phys, 6, 5225-5246, 2006.
Sherwood, S. C., Bony S., and Dufresne J. L.: Spread in model climate sensitivity traced to atmospheric convective mixing, Nature, 505, 37-42, 2014
Sherwood, S., Bony S., Boucher O., Bretherton C., Forster P., Gregory J., and Stevens B.: Adjustments to the forcing-feedback framework for understanding climate change, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 217-228, 2015.
Shindell, D. T.: Inhomogeneous forcing and transient climate sensitivity, Nature Climate Change, 4, 274–277, doi:10.1038/nclimate2136, 2014
Shindell, D. T., Faluvegi, G., Koch, D.M., Schmidt, G.A., Unger, N., Bauer, S.E.: Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions, Science, 326, 716-718, 2009.
Shindell, D., et al.: Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security, Science, 335, 183–189, 2012a
Shindell, D. T., Voulgarakis A., Faluvegi G., and Milly G.: Precipitation response to regional radiative forcing. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6969-6982, 2012b
Shindell, D. T., Lamarque J.-F., Schulz M., Flanner M., Jiao C., Chin M., Young P. J., Lee Y., Milly G., Faluvegi G., Balkanski Y., Collins W. J.,. Conley A. J, Dalsoren S., Easter R., Ghan S. J., Horowitz L., Liu X., Myhre G., Nagashima T., Naik V., Rotstayn L., Rumbold S., Skeie R., Sudo K., Szopa S., Takemura T., Yoon J.-H.: Radiative forcing in the ACCMIP historical and future climate simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2939-2974, doi:10.5194/acp-13-2939-2013, 2013a.
Shindell, D. T., Faluvegi G.,. Nazarenko L, Bowman K., Lamarque J.-F., Voulgarakis A., Schmidt G., Pechony O., Reudy R., Attribution of historical whole atmosphere ozone forcing. Nature Climate Change, 3, 567–570, doi:10.1038/nclimate1835, 2013b.
Shindell, D.T., O. Pechony, A. Voulgarakis, G. Faluvegi, L. Nazarenko, J.-F. Lamarque, K. Bowman, G. Milly, B. Kovari, R. Ruedy, and G. Schmidt, 2013: Interactive ozone and methane chemistry in GISS-E2 historical and future climate simulations. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2653-2689, doi:10.5194/acp-13-2653-2013.
Shindell, D. T., Faluvegi, G., Rotstayn, L., Milly, G., Spatial patterns of radiative forcing and surface temperature response, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 5385-5403, 2015
Shine, K. P., Bourqui, M. S., de Forster, P. M., Hare, S. H. E., Langematz, U., Braesicke, P., Grewe, V., Ponater, M., Schnadt, C., Smith, C. A., Haigh, J. D., Austin, J., Butchart, N., Shindell, D. T., Randel, W. J., Nagashima, T., Portmann, R. W., Solomon, S., Seidel, D. J., Lanzante, J., Klein, S., Ramaswamy, V., and Schwarzkopf M. D.: A comparison of model-simulated trends in stratospheric temperatures, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 1565–1588, 2003
Smith, S. J., van Aardenne, J., Klimont, Z., Andres, R. J., Volke, A., and Delgado Arias, S.: Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1101-1116, doi:10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011, 2011.
Son, S.-W., Polvani L. M., Waugh D. W., Akiyoshi H., Garcia R., Kinnison D., Pawson S., Rozanov E., Shepherd T. G., and Shibata K.: The impact of stratospheric ozone recovery on the Southern hemisphere westerly jet, Science, 320, 1486-1489., 2008
Son, S.-W., Gerber E. P., Perlwitz J., et al.: Impact of Stratospheric Ozone on Southern Hemisphere Circulation Change: A Multimodel Assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00M07, doi:10.1029/2010JD014271 , 2010
SPARC CCMVal, SPARC Report on the Evaluation of Chemistry-Climate Models, V. Eyring, T. G. Shepherd, D. W. Waugh (Eds.), SPARC Report No. 5, WCRP-132, WMO/TD-No. 1526, http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/SPARC, 2010.
Stevenson, D. S., et al.: Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric ozone. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 111, D08301, 2006
Stevenson, D. S., et al.: Tropospheric ozone changes, radiative forcing and attribution to emissions in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 3063-3085, doi:10.5194/acp-13-3063-2013, 2013
Teixeira, J., Waliser, D., Ferraro, R., Gleckler, P., Lee, T., and Potter, G.: Satellite Observations for CMIP5: The Genesis of Obs4MIPs, B Am Meteorol Soc, 95, 1329-1334, 2014.
Teng H., Washington W. M., Branstator G., Meehl G. A., and Lamarque J. F.: Potential impacts of Asian carbon aerosols on future US warming, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L11703, doi:10.1029/2012GL051723, 2012
Textor, C., Schulz M., Guibert S., Kinne S., Balkanski Y., Bauer S., Berntsen T., Berglen T., Boucher O., Chin M., Dentener F., Diehl T., Easter R., Feichter H., Fillmore D., Ghan S., Ginoux P., Gong S., Grini A., Hendricks J., Horowitz L., Huang P., Isaksen I., Iversen T., Kloster S., Koch D., Kirkevåg A., Kristjansson J.E., Krol M., Lauer A., Lamarque J.F., Liu X., Montanaro V., Myhre G., Penner J., Pitari G., Reddy S., Seland Ø., Stier P., Takemura T., and Tie X.: Analysis and quantification of the diversities of aerosol life cycles within AeroCom, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1777-1813, 2006
van Vuuren, D.P., Kriegler, E., O’neill, B.C., Ebi, K.L., Riahi, K., Carter, T.R., Edmonds, J., Hallegatte, S., Kram, T., Mathur, R., Winkler, H.: A new scenario framework for climate change research: scenario matrix architecture. Clim. Change 122, 373–386, 2014.
Voulgarakis, A., Naik, V., Lamarque, J.-F., Shindell, D. T., Young, P.J., Prather, M. J., Wild, O., Field, R. D., Bergmann, D., Cameron-Smith, P., Cionni, I., Collins, W. J., Dalsøren, S. B., Doherty, R. M., Eyring, V., Faluvegi, G., Folberth, G. A., Horowitz, L.W., Josse, B., MacKenzie, I. A., Nagashima, T., Plummer, D. A., Righi, M., Rumbold, S. T., Stevenson, D. S., Strode, S. A., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., and Zeng, G.: Analysis of present day and future OH and methane lifetime in the ACCMIP simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2563–2587, doi:10.5194/acp-13-2563-2013, 2013.
Vuolo, M. R., Schulz, M., Balkanski, Y., and Takemura, T.: A new method for evaluating the impact of vertical distribution on aerosol radiative forcing in general circulation models, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 877-897, doi:10.5194/acp-14-877-2014, 2014.
WMO: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2010. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report, 52. World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, 2010.
WMO: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2014. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report, 55. World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, 2014.
Young, P. J., Archibald, A. T., Bowman, K. W., Lamarque, J. F., Naik, V., Stevenson, D. S., Tilmes, S., Voulgarakis, A., Wild, O., Bergmann, D., Cameron-Smith, P., Cionni, I., Collins, W. J., Dalsoren, S. B., Doherty, R. M., Eyring, V., Faluvegi, G., Horowitz, L. W., Josse, B., Lee, Y. H., MacKenzie, I. A., Nagashima, T., Plummer, D. A., Righi, M., Rumbold, S. T., Skeie, R. B., Shindell, D. T., Strode, S. A., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., and Zeng, G.: Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2063-2090, 10.5194/acp-13-2063-2013, 2013 University Staff: Request a correction | Centaur Editors: Update this record |