Dynamic effects of bilingualism on brain structure map onto general principles of experience-based neuroplasticity

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Korenar, M., Treffers-Daller, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6575-6736 and Pliatsikas, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-1773 (2023) Dynamic effects of bilingualism on brain structure map onto general principles of experience-based neuroplasticity. Scientific Reports, 13. 3428. ISSN 2045-2322 doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30326-3

Abstract/Summary

Bilingualism has been linked to structural adaptations of subcortical brain regions that are important for controlling multiple languages. However, research on the location and extent of these adaptations has yielded variable patterns, especially as far as the subcortical regions are concerned. Existing literature on bilingualism-induced brain restructuring has so far largely overseen evidence from other domains showing that experience-based structural neuroplasticity often triggers non-linear adaptations which follow expansion-renormalisation trajectories. Here we use generalised additive mixed models to investigate the non-linear effects of quantified bilingual experiences on the basal ganglia and the thalamus in a sample of bilinguals with a wide range of bilingual experiences. Our results revealed that volumes of the bilateral caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens were significantly related to bilingual experiences. Importantly, these followed a non-linear pattern, with increases followed by plateauing in the most experienced bilinguals, suggesting that experience-based volumetric increases are only necessary up to a certain level of bilingual experience. Moreover, the volumes of putamen and thalamus were positively predicted by bilingual experiences. The results offer the first direct evidence that bilingualism, similarly to other cognitively demanding skills, leads to dynamic subcortical structural adaptations which can be nonlinear, in line with expansion-renormalisation models of experience-dependent neuroplasticity.

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Item Type Article
URI https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/id/eprint/110812
Identification Number/DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-30326-3
Refereed Yes
Divisions Interdisciplinary Research Centres (IDRCs) > Centre for Literacy and Multilingualism (CeLM)
Interdisciplinary Research Centres (IDRCs) > Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics (CINN)
Arts, Humanities and Social Science > School of Literature and Languages > English Language and Applied Linguistics
Life Sciences > School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences > Department of Clinical Language Sciences
Life Sciences > School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences > Language and Cognition
Uncontrolled Keywords bilingualism; neuroplasticity; grey matter; structural MRI; generalized additive mixed model
Publisher Nature Publishing Group
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