Article

Flight, L., Julious, S., Brennan, A. and Todd, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-923X (2022) Expected value of sample information to guide the design of group sequential clinical trials. Medical Decision Making, 42 (4). pp. 461-473. ISSN 1552-681X doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X211045036

Markey, O., Vasilopoulou, D., Kliem, K. E., Fagan, C. C., Grandison, A. S., Sutton, R., Humphries, D. J., Todd, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-923X, Jackson, K. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-3203, Givens, D. I. and Lovegrove, J. A. (2022) Effect of fat reformulated dairy food consumption on postprandial flow-mediated dilatation and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers compared with conventional dairy: a randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 115 (3). pp. 679-693. ISSN 0002-9165 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab428

Markey, O., Vasilopoulou, D., Kliem, K. E., Fagan, C. C., Grandison, A. S., Sutton, R., Humphries, D. J., Todd, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-923X, Jackson, K. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-3203, Givens, D. I. and Lovegrove, J. A. (2021) Postprandial fatty acid profile, but not cardiometabolic risk markers, is modulated by dairy fat manipulation in adults with moderate cardiovascular disease risk: the randomized controlled REplacement of SaturatEd fat in dairy on Total cholesterol (RESET) study. Journal of Nutrition, 151 (7). pp. 1755-1768. ISSN 1541-6100 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab050

Emmerson, J., Todd, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-923X and Brown, J. M. (2021) Recommendations for designing and analysing multi-arm non-inferiority trials: a review of methodology and current practice. Trials, 22 (1). 417. ISSN 1745-6215 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05364-9

Dimier, N. and Todd, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-923X (2021) Assessment of the information theory approach to evaluating time-to-event surrogate and true endpoints in a meta-analytic setting. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 20 (2). pp. 335-347. ISSN 1539-1612 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.2080

Howard, D. R., Hockaday, A., Brown, J. M., Gregory, W. M., Todd, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-923X, Munir, T., Oughton, J. B., Dimbleby, C. and Hillmen, P. (2021) A platform trial in practice: adding a new experimental research arm to the ongoing confirmatory FLAIR trial in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Trials, 22 (1). 38. ISSN 1745-6215 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04971-2

Kimani, P. K., Todd, S., Renfro, L. A., Glimm, E., Khan, J. N., Kairalla, J. A. and Stallard, N. (2020) Point and interval estimation in two-stage adaptive designs with time to event data and biomarker-driven subpopulation selection. Statistics in Medicine, 39 (19). pp. 2568-2586. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.8557

Dimairo, M., Pallmann, P., Wason, J., Todd, S., Jaki, T., Julious, S., Mander, A., Weir, C., Koenig, F., Walton, M., Nicholl, J., Coates, E., Biggs, K., Hamasaki, T., Proschan, M., Scott, J., Ando, Y., Hind, D. and Altman, D. (2020) The adaptive designs CONSORT Extension (ACE) statement: a checklist with explanation and elaboration guideline for reporting randomised trials that use an adaptive design. British Medical Journal, 369. m115. ISSN 1468-5833 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m115

Vasilopoulou, D., Markey, O., Kliem, K. E., Fagan, C. C., Grandison, A. S., Humphries, D. J., Todd, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-923X, Jackson, K. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-3203, Givens, D. I. and Lovegrove, J. A. (2020) Reformulation initiative for partial replacement of saturated with unsaturated fats in dairy foods attenuates the increase in LDL cholesterol and improves flow-mediated dilatation compared with conventional dairy: the randomized, controlled REplacement of SaturatEd fat in dairy on Total cholesterol (RESET) study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 111 (4). pp. 739-748. ISSN 1938-3207 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz344

Flight, L., Julious, S., Brennan, A., Todd, S. T. and Hind, D. (2020) How can health economics be used in the design and analysis of adaptive clinical trials? A qualitative analysis. Trials, 21. 252. ISSN 1745-6215 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-4137-2

Stallard, N., Todd, S., Ryan, E. G. and Gates, S. (2020) Comparison of Bayesian and frequentist group-sequential clinical trial designs. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20 (1). ISSN 1471-2288 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-019-0892-8

Stallard, N., Todd, S., Parashar, D., Kimani, P. K. and Renfro, L. A. (2019) On the need to adjust for multiplicity in confirmatory clinical trials with master protocols. Annals of Oncology, 30 (4). pp. 506-509. ISSN 1569-8041 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz038

Kliem, K. E., Humphries, D. J., Markey, O., Vasilopoulou, D., Fagan, C. C., Grandison, A. S., Jackson, K. G., Todd, S., Givens, I. D. and Lovegrove, J. A. (2019) Food chain approach to lowering the saturated fat of milk and dairy products. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 72 (1). pp. 100-109. ISSN 1364-727X doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12564

Abery, J. E. and Todd, S. (2019) Comparing the MAMS framework with the combination method in multi-arm adaptive trials with binary outcomes. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 28 (6). pp. 1716-1730. ISSN 0962-2802 doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280218773546

Flight, L., Arshad, F., Barnsley, R., Patel, K., Julious, S., Brennan, A. and Todd, S. (2019) A review of clinical trials with an adaptive design and health economic analysis. Value in Health, 22 (4). pp. 391-398. ISSN 1098-3015 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2018.11.008

Dimairo, M., Coates, E., Pallmann, P., Todd, S., Julious, S., Jaki, T., Wason, J., Mander, A., Weir, C., Koenig, F., Walton, M., Biggs, K., Nicholl, J., Hamasaki, T., Proschan, M., Scott, J., Ando, Y., Hind, D. and Altman, D. (2018) Development process of a consensus-driven CONSORT extension for randomised trials using an adaptive design. BMC Medicine, 16 (210). ISSN 1741-7015 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1196-2

Kimani, P. K., Todd, S., Renfro, L. A. and Stallard, N. (2018) Point estimation following two-stage adaptive threshold enrichment clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine, 37 (22). pp. 3179-3196. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7831

Weech, M., Altowaijri, H., Mayneris-Perxachs, J., Vafeiadou, K., Madden, J., Todd, S., Jackson, K. G., Lovegrove, J. A. and Yaqoob, P. (2018) Replacement of dietary saturated fat with unsaturated fats increases numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and decreases number of microparticles: findings from the randomized, controlled DIVAS study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 107 (6). pp. 876-882. ISSN 0002-9165 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy018

Howard, D. R., Brown, J. M., Todd, S. and Gregory, W. M. (2018) Recommendations on multiple testing adjustment in multi-arm trials with a shared control group. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 27 (5). pp. 1513-1530. ISSN 0962-2802 doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280216664759

Enani, S., Przemska-Kosicka, A., Childs, C. E., Maidens, C., Dong, H., Conterno, L., Tuohy, K., Todd, S., Gosney, M. and Yaqoob, P. (2018) Impact of ageing and a synbiotic on the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination; a randomised controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition, 37 (2). pp. 443-451. ISSN 0261-5614 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.01.011

Przemska-Kosicka, A., Childs, C. E., Maidens, C., Dong, H., Todd, S., Gosney, M. A., Tuohy, K. M. and Yaqoob, P. (2018) Age-related changes in the natural killer cell response to seasonal influenza vaccination are not influenced by a synbiotic; a randomised controlled trial. Frontiers in Immunology, 9. 591. ISSN 1664-3224 doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00591

Dimier, N. and Todd, S. (2017) An investigation into the two-stage meta-analytic copula modelling approach for evaluating time-to-event surrogate endpoints which comprise of one or more events of interest. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 16 (5). pp. 322-333. ISSN 1539-1612 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.1812

Markey, O., Vasilopoulou, D., Kliem, K. E., Koulman, A., Fagan, C. C., Summerhill, K., Wang, L. Y., Grandison, A. S., Humphries, D. J., Todd, S., Jackson, K. G., Givens, D. I. and Lovegrove, J. A. (2017) Plasma phospholipid fatty acid profile confirms compliance to a novel saturated fat-reduced, monounsaturated fat-enriched dairy product intervention in adults at moderate cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition journal, 16 (1). 33. ISSN 1475-2891 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-017-0249-2

Kunz, C. U., Stallard, N., Parsons, N., Todd, S. and Friede, T. (2017) Blinded versus unblinded estimation of a correlation coefficient to inform interim design adaptations. Biometrical Journal, 59 (2). pp. 344-357. ISSN 0323-3847 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.201500233

Przemska-Kosicka, A., Childs, C. E., Enani, S., Maidens, C., Dong, H., Dayel, I. B., Tuohy, K., Todd, S., Gosney, M. A. and Yaqoob, P. (2016) Effect of a symbiotic on the response to seasonal influenza vaccination is strongly influenced by degree of immunosenescence. Immunity & Aging, 13 (1). 6. ISSN 1742-4933 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-016-0061-4

Dimairo, M., Julious, S. A., Todd, S., Nicholl, J. P. and Boote, J. (2015) Cross-sector surveys assessing perceptions of key stakeholders towards barriers, concerns and facilitators to the appropriate use of adaptive designs in confirmatory trials. Trials, 16 (1). 585. ISSN 1745-6215 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-1119-x

Stevely, A., Dimairo, M., Todd, S., Julious, S. A., Nicholl, J., Hind, D. and Cooper, C. L. (2015) An investigation of the shortcomings of the CONSORT 2010 statement for the reporting of group sequential randomised controlled trials: a methodological systematic review. PLoS ONE, 10 (11). e0141104. ISSN 1932-6203 doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141104

Stallard, N., Kunz, C. U., Todd, S., Parsons, N. and Friede, T. (2015) Flexible selection of a single treatment incorporating short-term endpoint information in a phase II/III clinical trial. Statistics in Medicine, 34 (23). pp. 3104-3115. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.6567

Dimairo, M., Boote, J., Julious, S. A., Nicholl, J. P. and Todd, S. (2015) Missing steps in a staircase: a qualitative study of the perspectives of key stakeholders on the use of adaptive designs in confirmatory trials. Trials, 16 (1). 430. ISSN 1745-6215 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0958-9

Siqueira, A. L., Todd, S. and Whitehead, A. (2015) Sample size considerations in active-control non-inferiority trials with binary data based on the odds ratio. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 24 (4). pp. 453-461. ISSN 0962-2802 doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280214520729

Kimani, P. K., Todd, S. and Stallard, N. (2015) Estimation after subpopulation selection in adaptive seamless trials. Statistics in Medicine, 34 (18). pp. 2581-2601. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.6506

Vafeiadou, K., Weech, M., Altowaijri, H., Todd, S., Yaqoob, P., Jackson, K. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-3203 and Lovegrove, J. A. (2015) Replacement of saturated with unsaturated fats had no impact on vascular function but beneficial effects on lipid biomarkers, E-selectin and blood pressure: results from the randomized, controlled Dietary Intervention and VAScular function (DIVAS) study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 102 (1). pp. 40-48. ISSN 0002-9165 doi: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.097089

Cohen, D. R., Todd, S., Gregory, W. M. and Brown, J. M. (2015) Adding a treatment arm to an ongoing clinical trial: a review of methodology and practice. Trials, 16. 179. ISSN 1745-6215 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0697-y

Kunz, C. U., Friede, T., Parsons, N., Todd, S. and Stallard, N. (2015) A comparison of methods for treatment selection in seamless phase II/III clinical trials incorporating information on short-term endpoints. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 25 (1). pp. 170-189. ISSN 1054-3406 doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2013.840646

Wu, S.-Y., Mayneris-Perxachs, J., Lovegrove, J. A., Todd, S. and Yaqoob, P. (2014) Fish oil supplementation alters numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and micro particles independent of eNOS genotype. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100 (5). pp. 1232-1243. ISSN 1938-3207 doi: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.088880

Weech, M., Vafeiadou, K., Hasaj, M., Todd, S., Yaqoob, P., Jackson, K. G. and Lovegrove, J. A. (2014) Development of a food-exchange model to replace saturated fat with MUFAS and n-6 PUFAS in adults at moderate cardiovascular risk. Journal of Nutrition, 144 (6). pp. 846-855. ISSN 1541-6100 doi: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.190645

Kimani, P., Todd, S. and Stallard, N. (2014) A comparison of methods for constructing confidence intervals after phase II/III clinical trials. Biometrical Journal, 56 (1). pp. 107-128. ISSN 0323-3847 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.201300036

Kunz, C. U., Friede, T., Parsons, N., Todd, S. and Stallard, N. (2014) Data-driven treatment selection for seamless phase II/III trials incorporating early-outcome data. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 13 (4). pp. 238-246. ISSN 1539-1612 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.1619

Kimani, P. K., Todd, S. and Stallard, N. (2013) Conditionally unbiased estimation in phase II/III clinical trials with early stopping for futility. Statistics in Medicine, 32 (17). pp. 2893-2910. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.5757

Chapman, C.M.C., Gibson, G.R., Todd, S. and Rowland, I. (2013) Comparative in vitro inhibition of urinary tract pathogens by single- and multi-strain probiotics. European Journal of Nutrition, 52 (6). pp. 1669-1677. ISSN 1436-6215 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-013-0501-2

Todd, S., Baksh, M. F. and Whitehead, J. (2012) Sequential methods for pharmacogenetic studies. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 56 (5). pp. 1221-1231. ISSN 0167-9473 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2011.02.019

Todd, S., Valdes-Marquez, E. and West, J. (2012) A practical comparison of blinded methods for sample size reviews in survival data clinical trials. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 11 (2). pp. 141-148. ISSN 1539-1612 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.516

Vafeiadou, K., Weech, M., Sharma, V., Yaqoob, P., Todd, S., Williams, C., Jackson, K. and Lovegrove, J. (2012) A review of the evidence for the effects of total dietary fat, SFA, MUFA and n-6 PUFA on vascular function, endothelial progenitor cells and microparticles. British Journal of Nutrition, 107 (3). pp. 303-324. ISSN 1475-2662 doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511004764

Parsons, N., Friede, T., Todd, S., Marquez, E. V., Chataway, J., Nicholas, R. and Stallard, N. (2012) An R package for implementing simulations for seamless phase II/III clinical trials using early outcomes for treatment selection. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 56 (5). pp. 1150-1160. ISSN 0167-9473 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2010.10.027

Stallard, N. and Todd, S. (2011) Seamless phase II/III designs. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 20 (6). pp. 623-634. ISSN 0962-2802 doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280210379035

Friede, T., Parsons, N., Stallard, N., Todd, S., Valdes Marquez, E., Chataway, J. and Nicholas, R. (2011) Designing a seamless phase II/III clinical trial using early outcomes for treatment selection: an application in multiple sclerosis. Statistics in Medicine, 30 (13). pp. 1528-1540. ISSN 1097-0258 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4202

O'Kelly, M., Julious, S. A., Pyke, S., Day, S., Todd, S., Seldrup, J. and Matcham, J. (2011) Making available information from studies sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry: some current practices. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 10 (1). pp. 60-69. ISSN 1539-1612 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.430

Matcham, J., Julious, S., Pyke, S., O'Kelly, M., Todd, S., Seldrup, J. and Day, S. (2011) Proposed best practice for statisticians in the reporting and publication of pharmaceutical industry-sponsored clinical trials. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 10 (1). pp. 70-73. ISSN 1539-1612 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.417

Pyke, S., Julious, S. A., Day, S., O'Kelly, M., Todd, S., Matcham, J. and Seldrup, J. (2011) The potential for bias in reporting of industry-sponsored clinical trials. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 10 (1). pp. 74-79. ISSN 1539-1612 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.429

Chataway, J., Nicholas, R., Todd, S., Miller, D. H., Parsons, N., Valdes-Marquez, E., Stallard, N. and Friede, T. (2011) A novel adaptive design strategy increases the efficiency of clinical trials in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 17 (1). pp. 81-88. ISSN 1477-0970 doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458510382129

Whitehead, J., Branson, M. and Todd, S. (2010) A combined score test for binary and ordinal endpoints from clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine, 29 (5). pp. 521-532. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3822

Friede, T., Nicholas, R., Stallard, N., Todd, S. C., Parsons, N., Valdes-Marquez, E. and Chataway, J. (2010) Refinement of the Clinical Scenario Evaluation Framework for Assessment of Competing Development Strategies with an Application to Multiple Sclerosis. Drug Information Journal, 44 (6). pp. 713-718. ISSN 0092-8615

Siqueira, A.L., Whitehead, A. and Todd, S. (2008) Active-control trials with binary data: a comparison of methods for testing superiority or non-inferiority using the odds ratio. Statistics in Medicine, 27 (3). pp. 353-370. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2975

Stallard, N., Todd, S. and Whitehead, J. (2008) Estimation following selection of the largest of two normal means. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 138 (6). pp. 1629-1638. ISSN 0378-3758 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2007.05.045

Whitehead, A. , Whitehead, J. , Todd, S., Zhou, Y. and Smith, M. (2008) Fitting models for the joint action of two drugs using SAS(R). Pharmaceutical Statistics, 7 (4). pp. 272-284. ISSN 1539-1612 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.312

Todd, S. (2007) A 25-year review of sequential methodology in clinical studies. Stat Med, 26 (2). pp. 237-52. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2763

Baksh, M.F., Haars, G., Todd, S., Van Noord, P.A.H. and Whitehead, J. (2006) Comparing correlations of continuous observations from two independent populations using a sequential approach. Statistics in Medicine, 25 (24). pp. 4293-4310. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2676

Baksh, M. F., Todd, S., Whitehead, J. and Lucini, M. M. (2005) Design considerations in the sequential analysis of matched case–control data. Statistics in Medicine, 24 (6). pp. 853-867. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1968

Perkins, G.D., Barrett, H., Bullock, I. , Gabbott, D.A., Todd, S. and Bion, J.F. (2005) The Acute Care Undergraduate TEaching (ACUTE) initiative: consensus development of core competencies in acute care for undergraduates in the United Kingdom. Intensive Care Medicine, 31 (12). pp. 1627-1633. ISSN 0342-4642 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-005-2837-4

Siqueira, A., Whitehead, A., Todd, S. and Lucini, M. (2005) Comparison of sample size formulae for 2x2 cross-over designs applied to bioequivalence studies. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 4 (4). pp. 233-243. ISSN 1539-1612 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.183

Stallard, N. and Todd, S. (2005) Point estimates and confidence regions for sequential trials involving selection. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 135 (1). pp. 402-419. ISSN 0378-3758 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2004.05.006

Rogers, M. S., Chang, A. M. Z. and Todd, S. (2005) Using group-sequential analysis to achieve the optimal sample size. Bjog-an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 112 (5). pp. 529-533. ISSN 1470-0328 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00479.x

Kelly, P.J., Stallard, N. and Todd, S. (2005) An adaptive group sequential design for phase II/III clinical trials that select a single treatment from several. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 15 (4). pp. 641-658. ISSN 1054-3406 doi: https://doi.org/10.1081/BIP-200062857

Todd, S. and Stallard, N. (2005) A new clinical trial design combining phases II and III: sequential designs with treatment selection and a change of endpoint. Drug Information Journal, 39. pp. 109-118. ISSN 0092-8615

Kelly, P.J., Sooriyarachchi, M.R., Stallard, N. and Todd, S. (2005) A practical comparison of group-sequential and adaptive designs. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 15 (4). pp. 719-738. ISSN 1054-3406 doi: https://doi.org/10.1081/BIP-200062859

Whitehead, J. and Todd, S. (2004) The double triangular test in practice. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 3 (1). pp. 39-49. ISSN 1539-1612 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pst.91

Elliot, J.M., Virankabutra, T., Jones, S., Tanudsintum, S., Lipkin, G., Todd, S. and Bion, J. (2003) Erythropoietin mimics the acute phase response in critical illness. Clinical Care, 7. R35-R40. ISSN 1364-8535 doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc2185

Stallard, N. and Todd, S. (2003) Sequential designs for phase III clinical trials incorporating treatment selection. Statistics in Medicine, 22 (5). pp. 689-703. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1362

Todd, S. (2003) An adaptive approach to implementing bivariate group sequential clinical trial designs. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 13 (4). pp. 605-619. ISSN 1054-3406 doi: https://doi.org/10.1081/BIP-120024197

Vincent, E., Todd, S. and Whitehead, J. (2002) A sequential procedure for comparing two experimental treatments with a control. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 12 (2). pp. 249-265. ISSN 1054-3406 doi: https://doi.org/10.1081/BIP-120015747

Stallard, N., Whitehead, J., Todd, S. and Whitehead, A. (2001) Stopping rules for phase II studies. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 51 (6). pp. 523-529. ISSN 0306-5251 doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01381.x

Todd, S., Whitehead, A., Stallard, N. and Whitehead, J. (2001) Interim analyses and sequential designs in phase III studies. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 51 (5). pp. 394-399. ISSN 0306-5251 doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2125.2001.01382.x

Whitehead, J., Zhou, Y., Stallard, N., Todd, S. and Whitehead, A. (2001) Learning from previous responses in phase I dose-escalation studies. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 52 (1). pp. 1-7. ISSN 03065251 doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01383.x

Whitehead, J., Whitehead, A., Todd, S., Bolland, K. and Sooriyarachchi, M. R. (2001) Mid-trial design reviews for sequential clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine, 20 (2). pp. 165-176. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0258(20010130)20:2<165::AID-SIM649>3.0.CO;2-A

Johnson, C. D., Puntis, M., Davidson, N., Todd, S. and Bryce, R. (2001) Randomized, dose-finding phase III study of lithium gamolenate in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. British Journal of Surgery, 88 (5). pp. 662-668. ISSN 0007-1323 doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.01770.x

Todd, S. and Sahdra, M. (2001) A case study of the effect of covariate adjustment in a sequential survival clinical trial. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 11 (4). pp. 297-311. ISSN 1054-3406 doi: https://doi.org/10.1081/BIP-120008850

Whitehead, J., Todd, S. and Hall, W. J. (2000) Confidence intervals for secondary parameters following a sequential test. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 62 (4). pp. 731-745. ISSN 1369-7412 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9868.00260

Stallard, N. and Todd, S. (2000) Exact sequential tests for single samples of discrete responses using spending functions. Statistics in Medicine, 19 (22). pp. 3051-3064. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0258(20001130)19:22<3051::AID-SIM604>3.0.CO;2-E

Todd, S., Woodward, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H. and Bolton-Smith, C. (1999) Dietary Antioxidant vitamins and Fiber in the Etiology of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Causes Mortality: Results from the Scottish Heart Health Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 150 (10). pp. 1073-1080. ISSN 0002-9262 doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009931

Todd, S. (1999) Sequential designs for monitoring Two Endpoints in a clinical trial. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 33 (2). pp. 417-426. ISSN 2168-4790 doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/009286159903300213

Todd, S. and Whitehead, J. (1997) Confidence interval calculation for a sequential clinical trial of binary responses. Biometrika. ISSN 0006-3444

Todd, S. (1997) Incorporation of sequential trials into a fixed effects meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 16 (24). pp. 2915-2925. ISSN 0277-6715 doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19971230)16:24<2915::AID-SIM688>3.0.CO;2-0

Todd, S., Whitehead, J. and Facey, K. (1996) Point and interval estimation following a sequential clinical trial. Biometrika. ISSN 0006-3444

Todd, S., Woodward, M., Bolton-Smith, C. and Tunstall-Pedoe, H. (1995) An investigation of the relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary heart disease in men and women using discriminant analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 48 (2). pp. 297-305. ISSN 08954356 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(94)00177-R

Todd, S., Woodward, M. and Bolton-Smith, C. (1995) An investigation of the relationship between antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary heart disease in men and women using logistic regression analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 48 (2). pp. 307-316. ISSN 08954356 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(94)00178-S

Report

Branson, M., Todd, S. and Whitehead, J., (2004) Estimating the covariances between efficient score test statistics in comparative studies. Applied Statistics Technical Report. 04/2. The University of Reading

Siqueira, A.L., Whitehead, A., Todd, S. and Lucini, M.M., (2004) On sample size calculations for 2x2 cross-over designs applied to bioequivalence studies. Applied Statistics Technical Report. 04/4. The University of Reading

Kelly, P., Stallard, N. and Todd, S., (2003) An adaptive group sequential design for clinical trials that involve treatment selection. Applied Statistics Technical Report. 03/1. The University of Reading