Article

Xue, B., Thompson, J. P., Yan, T., Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X, Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Theodoridou, K. (2025) Dose-response effects of dietary inclusion of agro-industrial by-products on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 105 (10). pp. 5447-5457. ISSN 1097-0010 doi: 10.1002/jsfa.14263

Christodoulou, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-3886, Kliem, K. E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-8225, Auffret, M. D., Humphries, D. J., Newbold, J. R., Davison, N., Crompton, L., Dhanoa, M. S., Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X (2025) In vitro rumen degradation, fermentation, and methane production of four agro-industrial protein-rich co-products, compared with soyabean meal. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 319. 116151. ISSN 1873-2216 doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2024.116151

Christodoulou, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-3886, Kliem, K. E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-8225, Auffret, M. D., Humphries, D. J., Kirton, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1941-003X, Jalal, H., Newbold, J. R., Davison, N., Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X (2025) Nutrient use and methane emissions in growing beef fed different protein sources and a pasture-based diet. Journal of Animal Science, 103. skaf007. ISSN 1525-3163 doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf007

Staton, T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-0121, Davison, N., Westaway, S., Arguile, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-3150, Adams, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-7063, Aguilera, V., Bellamy, L., Bolger, A., Gantlett, R., Jacobs, S., Noone, N., Staley, J. T. and Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 (2024) Leverage points for the uptake of organic food production and consumption in the United Kingdom. Communications Earth & Environment, 5 (1). 449. ISSN 2662-4435 doi: 10.1038/s43247-024-01585-3

Adams, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-7063, Sans, A., Trier Kreutzfeldt, K.-E., Arias Escobar, M. A., Oudshoorn, F. W., Bolduc, N. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9730-1699, Aubert, P.-M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0177-8127 and Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 (2024) Assessing the impacts of EU agricultural policies on the sustainability of the livestock sector: a review of the recent literature. Agriculture and Human Values. ISSN 1572-8366 doi: 10.1007/s10460-024-10595-y

Norton, L. R., Bruce, A., Chapman, P. J., Lamprinopoulou, C., Rothwell, S. A. and Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 (2024) Identifying levers for change in UK grazing livestock systems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8. 1366204. ISSN 2571-581X doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2024.1366204

Goglio, P., Knudsen, M. T., Van Mierlo, K., Röhrig, N., Fossey, M., Maresca, A., Hashemi, F., Waqas, M. A., Yngvesson, J., Nassy, G., Broekema, R., Moakes, S., Pfeifer, C., Borek, R., Yanez-Ruiz, D., Quevedo Cascante, M., Syp, A., Zylowsky, T., Romero-Huelva, M. and Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 (2023) Defining common criteria for harmonizing life cycle assessments of livestock systems. Cleaner Production Letters, 4. 100035. ISSN 2666-7916 doi: 10.1016/j.clpl.2023.100035

Lovegrove, J. A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7633-9455, O'Sullivan, D. M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-056X, Tosi, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-6120, Millan, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-2855, Todman, L. C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1232-294X, Bishop, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2114-230X, Chatzifragkou, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-7871, Clegg, M. E., Hammond, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-3551, Jackson, K. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0070-3203, Jones, P. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-5424, Lignou, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6971-2258, Macready, A. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-9336, McMeel, Y., Parker, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4121-5481, Rodriguez-Garcia, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-3144, Sharp, P., Shaw, L. J., Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Tebbit, M. (2023) 'Raising the pulse': the environmental, nutritional and health benefits of pulse-enhanced foods. Nutrition Bulletin, 48 (1). pp. 134-143. ISSN 1471-9827 doi: 10.1111/nbu.12601

Westaway, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-9325, Grange, I. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-4263, Smith, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-8556 and Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 (2023) Meeting tree planting targets on the UK's path to net-zero: A review of lessons learnt from 100 years of land use policies. Land Use Policy, 125. 106502. ISSN 02648377 doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106502

Norton, L., Maskell, L., McVittie, A., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Wagner, M., Waterton, C. and Watson, C. (2022) Learning from innovative practitioners: evidence for the sustainability and resilience of pasture fed livestock systems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6. 1012691. ISSN 2571-581X doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1012691

Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Westaway, S., Mullender, S., Ghaley, B. B., Xu, Y., Lehmann, L. M., Pisanelli, A., Russo, G., Borek, R., Wawer, R., Borzęcka, M., Sandor, M., Gliga, A. and Smith, J. (2022) Assessing the multidimensional elements of sustainability in European agroforestry systems. Agricultural Systems, 197. 103357. ISSN 0308-521X doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103357

Barbieri, P., Pellerin, S., Seufert, V., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Ramankutty, N. and Nesme, T. (2021) Global option space for organic agriculture is delimited by nitrogen availability. Nature Food, 2 (5). pp. 363-372. ISSN 2662-1355 doi: 10.1038/s43016-021-00276-y

Mullender, S. M., Sandor, M., Pisanelli, A., Kozyra, J., Borek, R., Ghaley, B. B., Gliga, A., von Oppenkowski, M., Roesler, T., Sakanovic, E., Smith, J. and Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 (2020) A delphi-style approach for developing an integrated food/non-food system sustainability assessment tool. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 84. 106415. ISSN 0195-9255 doi: 10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106415

Mølgaard Hald, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2116, Smith, J., Westaway, S., Pisanelli, A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1229-1581, Russo, G., Borek, R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9414-3181, Mignon, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-992X, Gliga, A., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Bahadur Ghaley, B. (2020) Productivity and economic evaluation of agroforestry systems for sustainable production of food and non-food products. Sustainability, 12 (13). 5429. ISSN 2071-1050 doi: 10.3390/su12135429

Paraskevopoulou, C., Theodoridis, A., Johnson, M., Ragkos, A., Arguile, L., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Vlachos, D. and Arsenos, G. (2020) Sustainability assessment of goat and sheep farms: a comparison between European countries. Sustainability, 12 (8). 3099. ISSN 2071-1050 doi: 10.3390/su12083099

Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Kirk, G. J. D., Jones, P. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-5424 and Williams, A. G. (2019) The greenhouse gas impacts of converting food production in England and Wales to organic methods. Nature Communications, 10. 4641. ISSN 2041-1723 doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12622-7

Knudsen, M. T., Dorca-Preda, T., Djomo, S. N., Peña, N., Padel, S., Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Zollitsch, W., Hörtenhuber, S. and Hermansen, J. E. (2019) The importance of including soil carbon changes, ecotoxicity and biodiversity impacts in environmental life cycle assessments of organic and conventional milk in Western Europe. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215. pp. 433-443. ISSN 0959-6526 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.273

Dicks, L. V., Rose, D. C., Ang, F., Aston, S., Birch, A. N. E., Boatman, N., Bowles, E. L., Chadwick, D., Dinsdale, A., Durham, S., Elliott, J., Firbank, L., Humphreys, S., Jarvis, P., Jones, D., Kindred, D., Knight, S. M., Lee, M. R. F., Leifert, C., Lobley, M., Matthews, K., Midmer, A., Moore, M., Morris, C., Mortimer, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6160-6741, Murray, T. C., Norman, K., Ramsden, S., Roberts, D., Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Soffe, R., Stoate, C., Taylor, B., Tinker, D., Topliff, M., Wallace, J., Williams, P., Wilson, P., Winter, M. and Sutherland, W. J. (2019) What agricultural practices are most likely to deliver ‘sustainable intensification’ in the UK? Food and Energy Security, 8 (1). e00148. ISSN 2048-3694 doi: 10.1002/fes3.148

Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Jones, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-5424, Kirk, G., Pearce, B. and Williams, A. (2018) Modelling the production impacts of a widespread conversion to organic agriculture in England and Wales. Land Use Policy, 76. pp. 391-404. ISSN 0264-8377 doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.02.035

Schader, C., Baumgart, L., Landert, J., Muller, A., Ssebunya, B., Blockeel, J., Weisshaidinger, R., Petrasek, R., Mészáros, D., Padel, S., Gerrard, C., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Lindenthal, T., Niggli, U. and Stolze, M. (2016) Using the Sustainability Monitoring and Assessment Routine (SMART) for the systematic analysis of trade-offs and synergies between sustainability dimensions and themes at farm level. Sustainability, 8 (3). 274. ISSN 2071-1050 doi: 10.3390/su8030274

Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Tarsitano, D., Topp, C. F. E., Jones, A. K., Gerrard, C. L., Pearce, B. D., Williams, A. G. and Watson, C. A. (2016) Predicting the effect of rotation design on N, P, K balances on organic farms using the NDICEA model. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 31 (5). pp. 471-484. ISSN 1742-1713 doi: 10.1017/S1742170515000381

Hietala, S., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Knudsen, M. T., Kurppa, S., Padel, S. and Hermansen, J. E. (2015) Carbon footprints of organic dairying in six European countries—real farm data analysis. Organic Agriculture, 5. pp. 91-100. ISSN 1879-4246 doi: 10.1007/s13165-014-0084-0

Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Williams, A. G. and Pearce, B. D. (2015) The energy efficiency of organic agriculture: a review. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 30 (3). pp. 280-301. ISSN 1742-1713 doi: 10.1017/S1742170513000471

Gerrard, C., Janssen, M., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Hamm, U. and Padel, S. (2013) UK consumer reactions to organic certification logos. British Food Journal, 115 (5). pp. 727-742. ISSN 0007-070X doi: 10.1108/00070701311331517

Book or Report Section

Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Lampkin, N. H. (2019) Greener farming: managing carbon and nitrogen cycles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. In: Managing Global Warming. An Interface of Technology and Human Issues. Academic Press, pp. 553-577. ISBN 97801281140145 doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814104-5.00019-3

Lampkin, N. H., Smith, J. and Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 (2016) Agroecology and organic farming as approaches to reducing the environmental impacts of agricultural chemicals. In: Hester, R. H. and Harrison, R. M. (eds.) Agricultural Chemicals and the Environment: Issues and Potential Solutions. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, 2 (43). Royal Society of Chemistry., pp. 94-113. ISBN 9781782626909 doi: 10.1039/9781782626916-00094

Gerrard, C. L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Pearce, B., Padel, S., Hitchings, R., Measures, M. and Cooper, N. (2012) Public goods and farming. In: Lichtfouse, E. (ed.) Farming for Food and Water Security. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews (10). Springer. ISBN 9789400744998 doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4500-1_1

Report

Lampkin, N., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Padel, K., (2019) Delivering on Net Zero – Scottish Agriculture. Project Report. WWF Scotland

Lampkin, N. H., Pearce, B. D., Leake, A. R., Creissen, H., Gerrard, C. L., Girling, R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8816-8075, Lloyd, S., Padel, S., Smith, J., Smith, L. G. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Vieweger, A. and Wolfe, M. S., (2015) The role of agroecology in sustainable intensification. Scottish Natural Heritage

Conference or Workshop Item

Davison, N., Gossel, C., Smith, J., Palma, J.H.N., Tomas, A., Whistance, L., Christodoulou, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-3886, Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X and Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 (2025) Economic and greenhouse gas trade-offs of innovative livestock systems in Europe. In: Livestock, Environment and People (LEAP) Conference 2025, 8 April 2025, Oxford, UK, p. 12.

Christodoulou, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-3886, Kliem, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-8225, Auffret, M., Humphries, D., Kirton, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1941-003X, Jalal, H., Newbold, J., Davison, N., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X and Stergiadis, S. (2025) Effect of protein source and a pasture-based diet on beef performance and methane emissions. In: British Society of Animal Science Annual Conference, 8-10 April 2025, Galway, Ireland. (In Press)

Christodoulou, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-3886, Kliem, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-8225, Auffret, M.D., Humphries, D., Newbold, J., Davison, N., Kirton, P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1941-003X, Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X (2024) Methane emissions from beef fed different protein sources and a forage-based diet. In: 75th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Animal Production, 1-5 September 2024, Florence, Italy.

Christodoulou, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-3886, Kliem, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-8225, Auffret, M., Humphries, D., Newbold, J., Davison, N., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X (2024) Nitrogen use efficiency from beef fed different protein sources and a forage-based diet. In: 75th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Animal Production, 1-5 September 2024, Florence, Italy.

Xue, B., Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X, Yan, T., Cristobal-Carballo, O., Chen, X., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Theodoridou, K. (2024) Dose-response effects of diets partially replaced by food processing industrial by-products on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production. In: Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science Annual Conference, 9-11 April 2024, Belfast, UK, pp. 94-95. doi: 10.1016/j.anscip.2024.02.086 (Animal – science proceedings)

Christodoulou, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-3886, Kliem, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-8225, Auffret, M., Humphries, D., Newbold, J., Davison, N., Crompton, L., Dhanoa, M., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 and Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X (2024) In vitro fermentation characteristics of four agro-industrial protein by-products compared to soyabean meal. In: British Society of Animal Science Annual Conference, 8-11 April 2024, Belfast, UK, pp. 95-96. doi: 10.1016/j.anscip.2024.02.087 (Animal - science proceedings)

Davison, N., Christodoulou, C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9465-3886, Humphries, D., Kliem, K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0058-8225, Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X and Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288 (2024) Comparing opportunities for utilizing brewers' grains for animal feed and anaerobic digestion. In: Proceedings of the 5th Global Food Security Conference – Towards equitable, sustainable and resilient food systems, 9-12 April 2024, Leuven, Belgium. (O1B.04)

Wall, R. J., Clegg, M. E., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Cain, M. and Stergiadis, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7293-182X (2024) Comparison of mineral profiles between cows’ milk and plant-based beverages in the UK. In: Nutrition Society Congress, 2-5 July 2024, Belfast, UK, E377. doi: 10.1017/S0029665124006141

Smith, L. G., ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Arguile, L., Noble, N. and Norton, L. R. (2018) The design and application of the public goods tool: an evaluation framework for the development of sustainable farming systems. In: SRUC Land Use Conference, 28-30 November 2018, Edinburgh.

Zaralis, K., Smith, L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-9288, Belanche, A., Morin, E., Mullender, S., Martín-García, I. and Yanez-Ruiz, D. (2017) Developing an assessment tool to evaluate the sustainability of sheep and goat farming systems in Europe. In: 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in Agriculture, Food and Environment (HAICTA 2017), 21-24 September 2017, Chania, Greece, pp. 633-641.