Article

Chong, M. F.-F., George, T., Alimbetov, D., Jin, Y., Weech, M., Macready, A., Spencer, J., Kennedy, O., Minihane, A. M., Gordon, M. and Lovegrove, J. (2013) Impact of the quantity and flavonoid content of fruits and vegetables on markers of intake in adults with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease: the FLAVURS Trial. European Journal of Nutrition, 52 (1). pp. 361-378. ISSN 1436-6215 doi: 10.1007/s00394-012-0343-3

Eid, N. M. S., Al-Awadi, B., Vauzour, D., Oruna-Concha, M. J. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2013) Effect of cultivar type and ripening on the polyphenol content of date palm fruit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61 (10). pp. 2453-2460. ISSN 0021-8561 doi: 10.1021/jf303951e

Wright, B., Spencer, J. P. E., Lovegrove, J. A. and Gibbins, J. (2013) Insights into dietary flavonoids as molecular templates for the design of anti-platelet drugs. Cardiovascular Research, 97 (1). pp. 13-22. ISSN 0008-6363 doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvs304

Rodriguez Mateos, A., Oruna-Concha, M. J., Kwik-Uribe, C., Vidal, A. and Spencer, J. P.E. (2012) Influence of sugar type on the bioavailability of cocoa flavanols. British journal of nutrition, 108 (12). pp. 2243-2250. ISSN 1475-2662 doi: 10.1017/S0007114512000475

Rendeiro, C., Vauzour, D., Kean, R. J., Butler, L. T., Rattray, M., Spencer, J. P. E. and Williams, C. M. (2012) Blueberry supplementation induces spatial memory improvements and region-specific regulation of hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression in young rats. Psychopharmacology, 223 (3). pp. 319-330. ISSN 0033-3158 doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2719-8

Fox, B., Schantz, J. T., Haigh, R., Wood, M. E., Moore, P. K., Viner, N., Spencer, J. P. E., Winyard, P. G. and Whiteman, M. (2012) Inducible hydrogen sulfide synthesis in chondrocytes and mesenchymal progenitor cells: is H2S a novel cytoprotective mediator in the inflamed joint? Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 16 (4). pp. 896-910. ISSN 1582-4934 doi: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01357.x

Hidalgo, M. , Oruna-Concha, M. J., Kolida, S., Walton, G. E., Kallithraka, S., Spencer, J. P. E., Gibson, G. R. and de Pascual-Teresa, S. (2012) Metabolism of anthocyanins by human gut microflora and their influence on gut bacterial growth. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60 (15). pp. 3882-3890. ISSN 0021-8561 doi: 10.1021/jf3002153

Rendeiro, C., Guerreiro, J. D.T., Williams, C. and Spencer, J. (2012) Flavonoids as modulators of memory and learning: molecular interactions resulting in behavioural effects. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 71 (2). pp. 246-262. ISSN 1475-2719 doi: 10.1017/S0029665112000146

Spilsbury, A., Vauzour, D., Spencer, J. P. and Rattray, M. (2012) Regulation of NF-κB activity in astrocytes: effects of flavonoids at dietary-relevant concentrations. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 418. pp. 578-583. ISSN 0006-291X doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.01.081

Lockyer, S., Yaqoob, P., Spencer, J. and Rowland, I. (2012) Olive leaf phenolics and cardiovascular risk reduction: Physiological effects and mechanisms of action. Nutrition and Aging, 1 (2). pp. 125-140. ISSN 1879-7725 doi: 10.3233/NUA-2012-0011

Vauzour, D., Corona, G., Hercelin, J., Garnotel, R., Gillery, P., Lovegrove, J. A., Williams, C. M. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2011) Potential health effects of Champagne wine consumption. Journal of Wine Research, 22 (2). pp. 175-180. ISSN 1469-9672 doi: 10.1080/09571264.2011.603251

Pinto, J., Paiva-Martins, F., Corona, G., Debnam, E. S., Oruna-Concha, M., Vauzour, D., Gordon, M. and Spencer, J. (2011) Absorption and metabolism of olive oil secoiridoids in the small intestine. British Journal of Nutrition, 105 (11). pp. 1607-1618. ISSN 1475-2662 doi: 10.1017/S000711451000526X

Tzounis, X., Rodriguez Mateos, A., Vulevic, J., Gibson, G. R., Kwik-Uribe, C. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2011) Prebiotic evaluation of cocoa-derived flavanols in healthy humans by using a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover intervention study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 93 (1). pp. 62-72. ISSN 1938-3207 doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.000075

Vauzour, D. , Houseman, E.J., George, T.W., Corona, G., Garnotel, R., Jackson, K.G., Sellier, C., Gillery, P., Kennedy, O.B., Lovegrove, J.A. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2010) Moderate Champagne consumption promotes an acute improvement in acute endothelial-independent vascular function in healthy human volunteers. British Journal of Nutrition, 103 (8). pp. 1168-1178. ISSN 0007-1145 doi: 10.1017/S0007114509992959

Wright, B., Gibson, T. , Spencer, J. , Lovegrove, J. A. and Gibbins, J. M. (2010) Platelet-mediated metabolism of the common dietary flavonoid, quercetin. PLoS ONE, 5 (3). e9673. ISSN 1932-6203 doi: DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0009673

Spencer, J. P. (2010) Beyond antioxidants: the cellular and molecular interactions of flavonoids and how these underpin their actions on the brain. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 69 (2). pp. 244-260. ISSN 0029-6651 doi: 10.1017/S0029665110000054

Vauzour, D., Corona, G. and Spencer, J. P. (2010) Caffeic acid, tyrosol and p-coumaric acid are potent inhibitors of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine induced neurotoxicity. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 501 (1). pp. 106-111. ISSN 0003-9861 doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.03.016

Macready, A. L., Butler, L. T., Kennedy, O. B., Ellis, J. A., Williams, C. M. and Spencer, J. P. (2010) Cognitive tests used in chronic adult human randomised controlled trial micronutrient and phytochemical intervention studies. Nutrition Research Reviews, 23 (2). pp. 200-229. ISSN 0954-4224 doi: 10.1017/S0954422410000119

Incani, A., Deiana, M., Corona, G., Vafeiadou, K., Vauzour, D., Dessi, M. A. and Spencer, J. (2010) Involvement of ERK, Akt and JNK signalling in H2O2-induced cell injury and protection by hydroxytyrosol and its metabolite homovanillic alcohol. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 54 (6). pp. 788-796. ISSN 1613-4125 doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900098

Schroeter, H., Heiss, C., Spencer, J. P. E., Keen, C. L., Lupton, J. R. and Schmitz, H. H. (2010) Recommending flavanols and procyanidins for cardiovascular health: current knowledge and future needs. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 31 (6). pp. 546-557. ISSN 0098-2997 doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2010.09.008

Vauzour, D., Buonfiglio, M., Corona, G., Chirafisi, J., Vafeiadou, K., Angeloni, C., Hrelia, S., Hrelia, P. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2010) Sulforaphane protects cortical neurons against 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine-induced toxicity through the activation of ERK1/2, Nrf-2 and the upregulation of detoxification enzymes. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 54 (4). pp. 532-542. ISSN 1613-4125 doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900197

Spencer, J. P. (2010) The impact of fruit flavonoids on memory and cognition. British Journal of Nutrition, 104 (Supple). S40-S47. ISSN 0007-1145 doi: 10.1017/S0007114510003934

Frank, J., George, T. W., Lodge, J. K., Rodriguez-Mateos, A. M., Spencer, J. P. E., Minihane, A. M. and Rimbach, G. (2009) Daily consumption of an aqueous green tea extract supplement does not impair liver function or alter cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers in healthy men. Journal of Nutrition, 139 (1). pp. 58-62. ISSN 0022-3166 doi: 10.3945/jn.108.096412

Corona, G., Spencer, J. P. E. and Dessi, M. A. (2009) Extra virgin olive oil phenolics: absorption, metabolism, and biological activities in the GI tract. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 25 (4-5). pp. 285-293. ISSN 0748-2337 doi: 10.1177/0748233709102951

Spencer, J. P. E. (2009) Flavonoids and brain health: multiple effects underpinned by common mechanisms. Genes and Nutrition, 4 (4). pp. 243-250. ISSN 1555-8932 doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0136-3

Spencer, J. P. E., Vauzour, D. and Rendeiro, C. (2009) Flavonoids and cognition: The molecular mechanisms underlying their behavioural effects. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 492 (1-2). pp. 1-9. ISSN 0003-9861 doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.10.003

Macready, A. L., Kennedy, O. B., Ellis, J. A., Williams, C. M., Spencer, J. P. E. and Butler, L. T. (2009) Flavonoids and cognitive function: a review of human randomized controlled trial studies and recommendations for future studies. Genes and Nutrition, 4 (4). pp. 227-242. ISSN 1555-8932 doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0135-4

Corona, G., Deiana, M., Incani, A., Vauzour, D., Dessi, M. A. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2009) Hydroxytyrosol inhibits the proliferation of human colon adenocarcinoma cells through inhibition of ERK1/2 and cyclin D1. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 53 (7). pp. 897-903. ISSN 1613-4125 doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200800269

Spencer, J. P. E. (2009) Nutrients and brain health: an overview. Genes and Nutrition, 4 (4). pp. 225-226. ISSN 1555-8932 doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0140-7

Vafeiadou, K., Vauzour, D., Lee, H. Y., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Williams, R. J. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2009) The citrus flavanone naringenin inhibits inflammatory signalling in glial cells and protects against neuroinflammatory injury. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 484 (1). pp. 100-109. ISSN 0003-9861 doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.01.016

Spencer, J. P. E. (2009) The impact of flavonoids on memory: physiological and molecular considerations. Chemical Society Reviews, 38 (4). pp. 1152-1161. ISSN 0306-0012 doi: 10.1039/b800422f

Rendeiro, C., Spencer, J. P. E., Vauzour, D., Butler, L. T., Ellis, J. A. and Williams, C. M. (2009) The impact of flavonoids on spatial memory in rodents: from behaviour to underlying hippocampal mechanisms. Genes and Nutrition, 4 (4). pp. 251-270. ISSN 1555-8932 doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0137-2

Spencer, J. P. E., Mohsen, M. M. A., Minihane, A. M. and Mathers, J. C. (2008) Biomarkers of the intake of dietary polyphenols: strengths, limitations and application in nutrition research. British Journal of Nutrition, 99 (1). pp. 12-22. ISSN 0007-1145 doi: 10.1017/s0007114507798938

Williams, C. M., El Mohsen, M. A., Vauzour, D., Rendeiro, C., Butler, L. T., Ellis, J. A., Whiteman, M. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2008) Blueberry-induced changes in spatial working memory correlate with changes in hippocampal CREB phosphorylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 45 (3). pp. 295-305. ISSN 1873-4596 doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.008

Whiteman, M., Spencer, J. P. E., Szeto, H. H. and Armstrong, J. S. (2008) Do mitochondriotropic antioxidants prevent chlorinative stress-induced mitochondrial and cellular injury? Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 10 (3). pp. 641-650. ISSN 1523-0864 doi: 10.1089/ars.2007.1879

Tzounis, X., Vulevic, J., Kuhnle, G. G. C., George, T., Leonczak, J., Gibson, G. R., Kwik-Uribe, C. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2008) Flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora. British Journal of Nutrition, 99 (4). pp. 782-792. ISSN 0007-1145 doi: 10.1017/s0007114507853384

Spencer, J.P.E. (2008) Food for thought: the role of dietary flavonoids in enhancing human memory, learning and neuro-cognitive performance. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 67. pp. 238-252. ISSN 0029-6651 doi: 10.1017/s0029665108007088

Vafeiadou, K., Vauzour, D., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Whiteman, M., Williams, R. J. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2008) Glial metabolism of quercetin reduces its neurotoxic potential. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 478 (2). pp. 195-200. ISSN 0003-9861 doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.07.014

Whiteman, M. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2008) Loss of 3-chlorotyrosine by inflammatory oxidants: Implications for the use of 3-chlorotyrosine as a bio-marker in vivo. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 371 (1). pp. 50-53. ISSN 0006-291X doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.03.153

Rainey-Smith, S., Schroetke, L.W., Bahia, P., Fahmi, A., Skilton, R., Spencer, J.P.E., Rice-Evans, C., Rattray, M. and Williams, R.J. (2008) Neuroprotective effects of hesperetin in mouse primary neurones are independent of CREB activation. Neuroscience Letters, 438 (1). pp. 29-33. ISSN 0304-3940 doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.056

Vauzour, D., Ravaioli, G., Vafeiadou, K., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Angeloni, C. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2008) Peroxynitrite induced formation of the neurotoxins 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine and DHBT-1: Implications for Parkinson's disease and protection by polyphenols. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 476 (2). pp. 145-151. ISSN 0003-9861 doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.03.011

Cooper, A. J. L., Pinto, J. T., Krasnikov, B. F., Niatsetskaya, Z. V., Han, Q., Li, J. Y., Vauzour, D. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2008) Substrate specificity of human glutamine transaminase K as an aminotransferase and as a cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 474 (1). pp. 72-81. ISSN 0003-9861 doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.02.038

Vauzour, D., Vafeiadou, K., Rodriguez-Mateos, A., Rendeiro, C. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2008) The neuroprotective potential of flavonoids: a multiplicity of effects. Genes and Nutrition, 3 (3-4). pp. 115-126. ISSN 1555-8932 doi: 10.1007/s12263-008-0091-4

Vauzour, D., Vafeiadou, K., Rice-Evans, C., Williams, R. J. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2007) Activation of pro-survival Akt and ERK1/2 signalling pathways underlie the anti-apoptotic effects of flavanones in cortical neurons. Journal of Neurochemistry, 103 (4). pp. 1355-1367. ISSN 0022-3042 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04841.x

Vauzour, D., Vafeiadou, K., Corona, G., Pollard, S. E., Tzounis, X. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2007) Champagne wine polyphenols protect primary cortical neurons against peroxynitrite-induced injury. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55 (8). pp. 2854-2860. ISSN 0021-8561 doi: 10.1021/jf063304z

Schroeter, H., Bahia, P., Spencer, J.P.E., Sheppard, O., Rattray, M., Cadenas, E., Rice-Evans, C. and Williams, R.J. (2007) (-)Epicatechin stimulates ERK-dependent cyclic AMP response element activity and up-regulates GluR2 in cortical neurons. Journal of Neurochemistry, 101 (6). pp. 1596-1606. ISSN 0022-3042 doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04434.x

Vauzour, D., Vafeiadou, K., Rice-Evans, C., Cadenas, E. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2007) Inhibition of cellular proliferation by the genistein metabolite 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone is mediated by DNA damage and activation of the ATR signalling pathway. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 468 (2). pp. 159-166. ISSN 0003-9861 doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.09.021

Corona, G., Deiana, M., Incani, A., Vauzour, D., Dessi, M.A. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2007) Inhibition of p38/CREB phosphorylation and COX-2 expression by olive oil polyphenols underlies their anti-proliferative effects. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 362 (3). pp. 606-611. ISSN 0006-291X doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.08.049

Vauzour, D., Vafeiadou, K. and Spencer, J. P. E. (2007) Inhibition of the formation of the neurotoxin 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine by polyphenols. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 362 (2). pp. 340-346. ISSN 0006-291X doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.153

Vafeiadou, K., Vauzour, D. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2007) Neuroinflammation and its modulation by flavonoids. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, 7 (3). pp. 211-24. ISSN 1871-5303

Angeloni, C., Spencer, J.P.E., Leoncini, E., Biagi, P.L. and Hrelia, S. (2007) Role of quercetin and its in vivo metabolites in protecting H9c2 cells against oxidative stress. Biochimie, 89 (1). pp. 73-82. ISSN 0300-9084 doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.09.006

Spencer, J.P.E. (2007) The interactions of flavonoids within neuronal signalling pathways. Genes and Nutrition, 2 (3). pp. 257-273. ISSN 1555-8932 doi: 10.1007/s12263-007-0056-z

Whiteman, M., Chu, S.H., Siau, J.L., Rose, P., Sabapathy, K., Schantz, J.T., Cheung, N.S., Spencer, J.P.E. and Armstrong, J.S. (2007) The pro-inflammatory oxidant hypochlorous acid induces Bax-dependent mitochondrial permeabilisation and cell death through AIF-/EndoG-dependent pathways. Cellular Signalling, 19 (4). pp. 705-714. ISSN 0898-6568 doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.08.019

El Mohsen, M.A., Marks, J., Kuhnle, G., Moore, K., Debnam, E., Srai, S.K., Rice-Evans, C. and Spencer, J. (2006) Absorption, tissue distribution and excretion of pelargonidin and its metabolites following oral administration to rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 95 (1). pp. 51-58. ISSN 1475-2662 doi: 10.1079/BJN20051596

Hernandez-Montes, E., Pollard, S.E., Vauzour, D., Jofre-Montseny, L., Rota, C., Rimbach, G., Weinberg, P.D. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2006) Activation of glutathione peroxidase via Nrf1 mediates genistein's protection against oxidative endothelial cell injury. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 346 (3). pp. 851-859. ISSN 0006-291X doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.197

El Mohsen, M.A., Bayele, H., Kuhnle, G., Gibson, G., Debnam, E., Srai, S.K., Rice-Evans, C. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2006) Distribution of [H-3]trans-resveratrol in rat tissues following oral administration. British Journal of Nutrition, 96 (1). pp. 62-70. ISSN 0007-1145 doi: 10.1079/bjn20061810

Spencer, J.P.E., Abd El Mohsen, M. and Minihane, A.M. (2006) Metabolism of dietary phytochemicals: a review of the metabolic forms identified in humans. Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research, 4 (3-4). pp. 187-203. ISSN 1540-7535

Pollard, S.E., Whiteman, M. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2006) Modulation of peroxynitrite-induced fibroblast injury by hesperetin: a role for intracellular scavenging and modulation of ERK signalling. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 347 (4). pp. 916-923. ISSN 0006-291X doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.153

Whiteman, M., Spencer, J.P.E., Zhu, Y.Z., Armstrong, J.S. and Schantz, J.T. (2006) Peroxynitrite-modified collagen-II induces p38/ERK and NF-kappa B-dependent synthesis of prostaglandin E-2 and nitric oxide in chondrogenically differentiated mesenchyrnal progenitor cells. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 14 (5). pp. 460-470. ISSN 1063-4584 doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.11.002

Corona, G., Tzounis, X., Dessi, M.A., Deiana, M., Debnam, E.S., Visioli, F. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2006) The fate of olive oil polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract: implications of gastric and colonic microflora-dependent biotransformation. Free Radical Research, 40 (6). pp. 647-658. ISSN 1071-5762 doi: 10.1080/10715760500373000

Nguyen, D.T., Hemandez-Montes, E., Vauzour, D., Schonthal, A.H., Rice-Evans, C., Cadenas, E. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2006) The intracellular genistein metabolite 5,7,3 ',4 '-tetrahydroxyisoflavone mediates G2-M cell cycle arrest in cancer cells via modulation of the p38 signaling pathway. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 41 (8). pp. 1225-1239. ISSN 0891-5849 doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.026

Lee, S.Y.H., Munerol, B., Pollard, S., Youdim, K.A., Pannala, A.S., Kuhnle, G.G.C., Debnam, E.S., Rice-Evans, C. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2006) The reaction of flavanols with nitrous acid protects against N-nitrosamine formation and leads to the formation of nitroso derivatives which inhibit cancer cell growth. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 40 (2). pp. 323-334. ISSN 0891-5849 doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.08.031

Pollard, S.E., Kuhnle, G.G.C., Vauzour, D., Vafeiadou, K., Tzounis, X., Whiteman, M., Rice-Evans, C. and Spencer, J.P.E. (2006) The reaction of flavonoid metabolites with peroxynitrite. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 350 (4). pp. 960-968. ISSN 0006-291X doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.131

El Mohsen, M.M.A., Iravani, M.M., Spencer, J.P.E., Rose, S., Fahim, A.T., Motawi, T.M.K., Ismail, N.A.F. and Jenner, P. (2005) Age-associated changes in protein oxidation and proteasome activities in rat brain: modulation by antioxidants. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 336 (2). pp. 386-391. ISSN 0006-291X doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.07.201

Spencer, J.P.E., Kuhnle, G.G.C., Hajirezaei, M., Mock, H.P., Sonnewald, U. and Rice-Evans, C. (2005) The genotypic variation of the antioxidant potential of different tomato varieties. Free Radical Research, 39 (9). pp. 1005-1016. ISSN 1071-5762 doi: 10.1080/10715760400022293

Spencer, J.P.E., El Mohsen, M.M.A. and Rice-Evans, C. (2004) Cellular uptake and metabolism of flavonoids and their metabolites: implications for their bioactivity. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 423 (1). pp. 148-161. ISSN 0003-9861 doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.11.010

Tortarolo, M., Crossthwaite, A.J., Conforti, L., Spencer, J.P.E., Williams, R.J. , Bendotti, C. and Rattray, M. (2004) Expression of SOD1 G93A or wild-type SOD1 in primary cultures of astrocytes down-regulates the glutamate transporter GLT-1: lack of involvement of oxidative stress. Journal of Neurochemistry, 88 (2). pp. 481-493. ISSN 0022-3042 doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02208.x

Williams, R.J., Spencer, J.P.E. and Rice-Evans, C. (2004) Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules? Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 36 (7). pp. 838-849. ISSN 0891-5849 doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.01.001

Williams, R.J., Spencer, J.P.E., Goni, F.M. and Rice-Evans, C.A. (2004) Zinc-histidine complex protects cultured cortical neurons against oxidative stress-induced damage. Neuroscience Letters, 371 (2-3). pp. 106-110. ISSN 0304-3940 doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.08.054

Basu-Modak, S., Gordon, M.J., Dobson, L.H., Spencer, J., Rice-Evans, C. and Tyrrell, R.M. (2003) Epicatechin and its methylated metabolite attenuate UVA-induced oxidative damage to human skin fibroblasts. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 35 (8). pp. 910-921. ISSN 0891-5849 doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00436-2

Spencer, J. (2003) Metabolism of tea flavonoids in the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Nutrition, 133 (10). 3255S-3261S. ISSN 1541-6100

Spencer, J., Rice-Evans, C. and Williams, R.J. (2003) Modulation of pro-survival Akt/protein kinase B and ERK1/2 signaling cascades by quercetin and its in vivo metabolites underlie their action on neuronal viability. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278 (37). pp. 34783-34793. ISSN 1083-351X doi: 10.1074/jbc.M305063200

Schroeter, H., Boyd, C., Ahmed, R., Spencer, J., Duncan, R., Rice-Evans, C. and Cadenas, E. (2003) c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mediated modulation of brain mitochondria function: new target proteins for JNK signalling in mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis. Biochemical Journal, 372 (2). pp. 359-369. ISSN 0264-6021 doi: 10.1042/BJ20030201

Spencer, J., Kuhnle, G. G., Williams, R.J. and Rice-Evans, C. (2003) Intracellular metabolism and bioactivity of quercetin and its in vivo metabolites. Biochemical Journal, 372 (1). pp. 173-181. ISSN 0264-6021 doi: 10.1042/BJ20021972

Book or Report Section

Vauzour, D., Spilsbury, A., Vafeiadou, K., Rattray, M. and Spencer, J. (2012) Modulation of neuroinflammation by dietary flavonoids. In: Gemma, C. (ed.) Neuroinflammation: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms and Management. Nova. ISBN 9781619424623 (In Press)